Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geodinâmica e Geofísica
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Doctoral Thesis Modelagem física da influência da herança estrutural na formação de novas estruturas: aplicação à Zona de Cisalhamento Pernambuco, NE do Brasil(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-12-18) Venâncio, Marilia Barbosa; Silva, Fernando César Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8572129314081197; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5123468840851117; Bruna, Vincenzo La; Trzaskos, Bárbara; Morales, Noberto; Miranda, Tiago Siqueira deShear zones in the crystalline basement create crustal and lithospheric heterogeneities, acting as zones of weakness that influence the location, geometry, and segmentation of more recent structures. This study investigates the impact of preexisting structures on the development of sedimentary basins and newly formed or reactivated structures during subsequent tectonic events, using the brittle deformation of the Pernambuco Shear Zone (PESZ) as a natural example. Experimental models analyzed with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) simulated the role of structural inheritance in forming a rift basin orthogonal to a preexisting weakness zone under different rheological conditions. The effects of preexisting structure orientation on subsequent brittle deformation were also examined. The integration of experimental and field data provided a better understanding of the brittle deformation of the PESZ. The results indicate that preexisting shear zones influence the orientation, location, and geometry of newly formed structures in orthogonal basins, even without reactivation. Rift basins associated with these structural inheritances are wider and shallower. Rheological variations also impacted the number of structures formed. In strikeslip zones, the orientation of inherited structures controlled the formation of subsidiary fractures in the Riedel system, revealing the relationship between the new stress field, the type of structures formed, and the evolutive nature (new or reactivated). This relationship affects the main fault's growth, either as a continuous or in segments, as well as the number of structures formed and the distribution of on- and off-fault deformation. The field and experimental data integration shows that inherited mylonitic fabric acted as a mechanical weakness zone, facilitating brittle reactivation. Three groups of brittle structures were identified along the PESZ: (i) dextral strike-slip reactivation at the end of the Brasiliano Cycle; (ii) sinistral reactivation in the Early Cretaceous, associated with the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean; and (iii) N-S oriented normal faults and fractures, related to the same opening process as (ii), but formed later. The experiments suggest that PESZ may act as a structural high separating the Pernambuco and Paraíba sub-basins. The results highlight the potential of analog modeling for predicting fault and fracture patterns in complex tectonic systems, demonstrating how inherited shear zones can influence the evolution of new structures.Master Thesis Texturas e química mineral de zirconosilicatos em granitos peralcalinos do Pluton Papanduva, PR-SC(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-08-23) Grangeiro, Larissa Praxedes; Vilalva, Frederico Castro Jobim; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-6863; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6227637633613443; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3254967283599785; Rojas, Gaston Eduardo Enrich; Rosa, Pedro Augusto da SilvaElpidite (Na₂ZrSi₆O₁₅·3H₂O) and (Na,K)-zirconosilicates are zirconium-bearing minerals identified in the peralkaline granites of the Papanduva Pluton, located in the Graciosa Province in southern Brazil. These minerals crystallized during the late- to post-magmatic stages, providing insights into the formation and evolution processes in complex magmatic environments. Elpidite occurs in three distinct textural types: (1) isolated crystals with subhedral to euhedral forms, (2) granular aggregates, and (3) vein-like aggregates, each exhibiting specific compositional variations. Additionally, two phases of (Na,K)-zirconosilicates, designated as (Na,K)ZrS-I and (Na,K)ZrS-II, were identified, each displaying distinct textural and compositional properties. Chemical analysis reveals that elpidite has a predominantly uniform composition, with variations in Zr, Al, Ca, and K, aligning with the ideal end-member of elpidite. In contrast, (Na,K)-zirconosilicates are enriched in K relative to Na and exhibit diverse compositional trends. The (Na,K)ZrS-II phase shows greater compositional affinity with melansonite, whereas (Na,K)ZrS-I represents a transitional phase between lower and higher K end-members. However, elemental substitutions occurred within a limited range, suggesting the absence of a complete solid solution between these elements. Trace element analysis of elpidite revealed lower concentrations of most elements compared to zircon, including rare earth elements (REE), but with significant enrichments in Ba, Pb, and Sr. The textural relationships and compositional data of zirconosilicates from the Papanduva Pluton suggest a complex evolution of these minerals, reflecting a transition from less evolved rocks, where zircon predominates as the zirconium carrier, to more evolved rocks. Elpidite likely formed during the late magmatic stages, followed by the development of granular and vein-like varieties. Interaction with K-rich hydrothermal fluids, possibly facilitated by sub-magmatic deformation, resulted in significant hydrothermal alteration, chemical remobilization (including HFSE and REE), and element incorporation, forming (Na,K)ZrS-I and (Na,K)ZrS-II phases from a precursor zirconosilicate, ideally elpidite, or directly from the fluids. This transition is associated with increased peralkalinity (alkali activity), oxygen fugacity, and variation in water content, favoring the stabilization of zirconosilicates as zirconium-bearing phases.Doctoral Thesis Evolução da linha de costa nos deltas do nordeste brasileiro(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-04-30) Ferreira, Thiago Augusto Bezerra; Vital, Helenice; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-9028; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3595069999049968; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4270582380157017; Gomes, Moab Praxedes; Nogueira, Mary Lúcia da Silva; Almeida, Narelle Maia de; Araújo, Paulo Victor do NascimentoDeltas, serving as significant hubs for agriculture, industry, and energy, are susceptible to coastal erosion owing to anthropogenic pressures in both the drainage basins and the coastal zone. This study investigates alterations in the shoreline of three Northeastern Brazilian deltas (São Francisco, Parnaíba, and Jequitinhonha) from the 1980s to 2021, correlating them with both human-induced and natural impacts. Multispectral imagery was utilized to assess horizontal changes in the shoreline through the DSAS software, providing insights into long-term trends across different decades. Additionally, variations in the active coastal area were analyzed for the same periods. Furthermore, for the São Francisco delta, sandbanks downstream of the Xingó dam were delineated using satellite imagery. Hydro-climatic data from stations proximate to the coastal zone were also incorporated into the study. The data reveals that the Parnaíba Delta demonstrated a progradation rate at its mouth surpassing 20 m/year, resulting in sedimentary gains of 6 km² across the delta. In contrast, the Jequitinhonha delta experienced predominant erosion processes at the mouth, characterized by rates below 10 m/year and an increased delta mouth protrusion angle of 13° from 1984 to 2021. The limited correlation of the active coastal area (R² = 0.49) suggests that sediments eroded at the mouth are transported, via bidirectional currents, to the delta's margins. Among the three deltas, the São Francisco delta exhibited pronounced erosion at the mouth, with losses exceeding 20 m/year, reaching up to 50 m/year. The angle of the mouth increased by 18° during the analyzed period, and there was a net loss of 6.2 km². Due to sparse human habitation along the coast, the construction of dams within approximately 100 km of the coastal zone has emerged as a significant contributing factor to erosion processes in the Jequitinhonha and São Francisco deltas. Prior to the construction of the Itapebi and Xingó dams, both deltas exhibited relative stability in their coastlines. However, post-dam construction, Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) data indicated a gradual increase in erosion at the mouths over time. Additionally, these structures reduced the annual and monthly variability of the lower river courses of the Jequitinhonha and São Francisco, resulting in a diminished capacity for riverbank erosion and sediment transport to the coastal area. For instance, within the São Francisco delta, spanning from 1984 to 2021, there was a reduction of 7.54 km² in the sandy banks downstream of the Xingó dam. This figure exceeds threefold the loss of active coastal area observed across the entirety of the delta. Notably, this phenomenon did not occur in the Parnaíba delta, as the Boa Esperança dam is situated 600 km away from the coastal zone. Climate change, alongside potential mining and dredging activities, may further alter the stability of the Parnaíba Delta and exacerbate erosion processes in the Jequitinhonha and São Francisco Deltas. Over the last two decades, northeastern Brazil has experienced a reduction of more than 30% in rainfall. IPCC data suggests a projected 60 to 70% reduction in rainfall in this region by 2100. Consequently, the capacity for river transport is expected to decrease significantly, thereby intensifying erosion processes in both deltas.Master Thesis Caracterização e evolução de sistemas de ilhas barreiras tropicais no litoral de Macau, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, NE do Brasil(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2023-11-30) Rocha, Dhulya Rafaelly das Chagas; Vital, Helenice; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3595069999049968; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1324455359155262; Nogueira, Mary Lucia da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2546229173660779; Almeida, Narelle Maia deThe northern coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte is classified as a mixed-energy tropical coast and presents a very intense coastal dynamic. Within this context is outstanding the presence of barrier island-spits system, end members of sandy bodies parallel to the coastline, which isolate protected areas from the impact of the open sea. The barrier island-spits systems stand out for having different sedimentary deposits on their marine and terrestrial sides. In this perspective, the characterization and analysis of this system, having the knowledge about the processes that act in these environments and their sedimentary/stratigraphic configuration is of utmost importance for both environmental studies and oil and gas reservoir analogues. The main objective of this study was the characterization of the barrier island-spit systems of the northern coastline of the state, near the city of Macau, RN. The research includes data from bathymetry of tidal channels, surface samples and vibracores collected from sub-environments of the barrier island-spit system. The results indicated channels with depths ranging from 1.3 to -6.3 meters, and the main channel having a 'U' shape. Sandy/muddy banks were identified along the channel margins, as well as two areas featuring 2D and 3D underwater dunes, varying in size from small to large. Six sedimentary facies association interpreted in the cores were associated with tidal channel deposits, tidal flat, tidal inlet shoal, beach/barrier island, aeolian sand and washover. The similarity between the features of the surface samples and the facies described in the cores assisted in the interpretation of the sub-environment associated with each facies association.Master Thesis Caracterização do magmatismo ediacarano de afinidade shoshonítica nos domínios Rio Piranhas-Seridó e São José do Campestre, NE da Província Borborema(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2023-12-11) Silva, Hemerson Lucas da Costa; Nascimento, Marcos Antônio Leite do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1602625307141837; Galindo, Antônio Carlos; Motta, Rafael Gonçalves daIn the extreme NE of the Borborema Province, within the tectonostructural context of the São José do Campestre (DJC) and Rio Piranhas-Seridó (DPS) domains, EdiacaranCambrian magmatism is responsible for generating igneous bodies constituting one of the main geological features. These are represented by different magmatic suites formed by various batholiths, plutons, stocks, and dikes. In this context, a range of studies, from a petrographic/textural and chemical (lithochemical and mineral chemistry) perspective, has been conducted for the six identified plutonic suites. However, for the Shoshonitic Suite, despite significant contributions in terms of mapping, petrography, lithochemistry, geochronology, and intensive crystallization parameters, there is a lack of integration of various bodies. Thus, there was an identified opportunity to integrate existing literature data with unpublished data, aiming to characterize the petrogenetic aspects of Shoshonitic magmatism in DJC and DPS. This is based on petrographic, lithochemical, and mineral chemistry data, including intensive crystallization parameters (P, T, and fO2). For the research development, eleven plutons were selected: Casserengue, Japi, Monte das Gameleiras, Poço Verde, Serrinha, Acari, Quixaba, São João do Sabugi, Serra do Caramuru, Tapuio, and Totoró. Through the integration of compiled data, it was observed that rocks belonging to the Shoshonitic Suite in the DJC and DPS domains are transitional between calc-alkaline and alkaline or subalkaline rocks, with chemical peculiarities. These rocks are basic to intermediate, enriched in Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, TiO2, MnO, and K2O, all showing negative correlations in Harker-type variation diagrams, except for K2O, which correlates positively. The rocks of this suite are the oldest among the Ediacaran magmatism in DJC and DPS. Regarding intensive crystallization parameters, pressures were calculated based on empirical and experimental geobarometers of Al in hornblende. Initially, these rocks are relatively similar for DJC and DPS, with average pressures ranging between 4.1 kbar and 5.5 kbar, corresponding to crustal depths of 15 to 23 km. Average temperatures are also slightly different between the two domains, ranging from 909 to 1020°C, under conditions slightly reducing to slightly oxidizing. The estimation of oxygen fugacity conditions based on amphibole composition indicates predominantly high and subordinately intermediate conditions, typical for this rock type.Doctoral Thesis Arcabouço tectono-estrutural da Margem Equatorial Brasileira: uma abordagem baseada em dados de sensoriamento remoto e geofísicos potenciais(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2023-12-15) Lima, Francisco Gabriel Ferreira de; Jardim, Emanuel Ferraz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4094827215552998; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6513-3993; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6506556020822609; Silva, Fernando César Alves da; Silva, Carlos César Nascimento da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5136096872133075; Araújo, Mário Neto Cavalcanti de; Medeiros, Vladimir Cruz deAlong the Brazilian Equatorial Margin (BEM), a set of sedimentary basins have evolved from Neobarremian to Albian. This region has aroused significant interest due to recent discoveries of hydrocarbon reserves on the continental margins of Ghana, in Africa, and the Guianas/Suriname, in South America. However, the absence of exposures of the AptianAlbian rift and the overlap of brittle structures related to this event with older and/or younger structures related to the Neocomian-Barremian rift and post-Campanian intraplate deformation hinder the correlation of surface-mapped structures with transtractive/transpressive tectonic events related to the evolution of the Equatorial Atlantic. In this work, we carried out an analysis of the orientation and distribution of brittle lineaments in the onshore Brazilian and African equatorial margins. In more detail, and also considering field data, trends associated with surface brittle lineaments were compared with magnetic lineaments in the Potiguar, São Luís, Bragança-Viseu, Grajaú, and Barreirinhas basins. The results indicate continental influence of Albian tectonics reached the southern portion of the Grajaú Basin, suggesting dextral transtension of the BEM during the Albian and control of the inheritance of Brazilian shear zones from the Gurupi and Araguaia belts, Borborema Province, and the Transbrasiliano Lineament in the development and reactivation of brittle structures in various stages of the BEM evolution. Furthermore, a study of the deep crustal architecture in the offshore área of the BEM was conducted, integrating gravity, magnetic, and 2D seismic data. The BEM was divided into four domains: proximal (PD), neck zone (NZ), ocean-continent transition (OCT), and oceanic crust (OC). These domains exhibit a predominance of NW-SE normal and oblique-slip faults from Aptian to Albian, associated with E-W strike-slip and oblique-slip faults, as well as NE-SW folds and thrusts. Oceancontinent transitions can vary from gradual to abrupt, depending on the location and predominant structural style in each segment of the margin. The defined boundaries provided a good fit between the continental crusts of the BEM and the African Equatorial Margin (AEM) during the Cenomanian. This study contributes to a better understanding of basin formation mechanisms in the BEM, opening perspectives for exploring its petroleum potential in deep and ultra-deep waters.Doctoral Thesis Sismoestratigrafia e geomorfologia sísmica dos depósitos fluviais a marinhos rasos da Formação Açu, Campo de Caraúna, Albo-Cenomaniano da Bacia Potiguar(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2023-08-29) Cunha, João Augusto de Oliveira; Cordoba, Valéria Centurion; Scherer, Claiton Marlon dos Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1836-4967; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8212523609187259; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6337917569961761; Lima Filho, Francisco Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-5207; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9888320802954176; Vieira, Marcela Marques; Oliveira, Karen Maria Leopoldino; Cruz, Liliane RabeloThe Açu Formation, a unit of the stratigraphic framework of the Potiguar Basin, corresponds to a siliciclastic succession deposited between the early Albian and Cenomanian, encompassing fluvial, deltaic, estuarine, and shallow marine systems. The deposits within this unit hold economic value, as they contain significant hydrocarbon reserves and constitute an important freshwater aquifer widely utilized in Rio Grande do Norte. The successions of the Açu Formation have been analyzed by different researchers over time, largely using outcrop, core, and geophysical logs data. Furthermore, most previous studies have focused on its upper portion. Consequently, there remains a lack of research involving seismic data, particularly regarding more modern techniques, as well as studies that address the lower section of this formation. This research aims to characterize the stratigraphic framework and petroleum system of the Albian-Cenomanian deposits of the Potiguar Basin in the Caraúna Field region. For this purpose, the study utilizes seismic data (2D and 3D) and well data located on the continental shelf. The study's first phase involved the recognition of surfaces and sequence stratigraphy units. Subsequently, these surfaces and units formed the basis for applying seismic geomorphology. This was accomplished through the horizon and proportional slicing techniques, aided by seismic attributes such as RMS amplitude and sweetness. The seismicstratigraphic interpretations, combined with the analysis of geophysical logs and lithological profiles from the wells, led to the recognition of eleven seismic horizons representing significant stratigraphic surfaces (subaerial unconformities, maximum flooding surfaces, and maximum regressive surfaces). These horizons delineate three depositional sequences (1, 2, and 3), subdivided into lowstand, transgressive, and highstand systems tracts. Seismic geomorphology, in turn, enabled the identification of elongated features in plan view, interpreted as shelf sand ridges. The features identified in the study are associated with the transgressive systems tracts of sequences 1 (Albian) and 3 (late Cenomanian-middle Turonian). The ridges of Sequence 1 appear as a set of isolated, noncoalescent, and parallel features. In contrast, the feature in Sequence 3 results from the coalescence process of two others. This ridge occurs in isolation and exhibits greater robustness compared to those in Sequence 1. Tidal processes have been pointed as the main agents in forming the recognized shelf sand ridges. However, it is believed that waves and ocean currents also played a role in developing these features. The Albian deposits of Depositional Sequence 1, and consequently, the identified shelf sand ridges in these deposits, are particularly important for the petroleum system of the Caraúna field.Master Thesis Mapeamento virtual de fraturas em alta resolução para análise estrutural quantitativa em análogo de reservatório carbonático(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2023-10-10) Silva, Luana Sousa da; Bruna, Vincenzo La; Bezerra, Francisco Hilario Rego; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3512-5212; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6050302316049061; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2605754911839657; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4627-0501; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3162191621004901; Bagni, Fábio Luiz; Lopes, Juliana Aparecida GonçalvesCarbonate reservoirs can be quite heterogeneous, especially in the presence of fractures and dissolution processes, components capable of significantly altering the porosity and permeability of carbonate rocks. In this sense, the characterization of fractures is essential to understanding the origin and development of these reservoirs. The objective of this research was to characterize the attributes of fractures present in three outcrops of carbonate rocks of the Jandaíra Formation (Arapuá I, II, and III) in Felipe Guerra/RN. It started with virtual quantitative structural analysis, which enabled the description and quantification of the structural elements present. The virtual interpretation of Aerial images obtained with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), scan lines, and scan areas was used for a high-resolution investigation, covering viewing scales not understood by traditional methods. From the structural data, it was possible to obtain the values of P10 (frequency), P20 (intensity), and P21 (density), as well as perform statistical and topological analyses. The results allowed us to observe a variation in the parameters above, mainly in P10, P20, and P21, about the proximity to the axis of the Apodi fold. It is possible to verify an increase in the degree of deformation and connectivity between the structural elements with the proximity of the hinge zone, arranged parallel to a corridor of NE-SW fractures, with clusters of fractures associated with the N-S and NW-SE sets occurring. The identified attributes related to previous studies in the region suggest that the structural elements present in the area exert significant control over the distribution of petrophysical properties in the mapped rocks. This research reinforces the relevance of studying analogous outcrops of carbonate reservoirs for identifying and understanding the development of subseismic features and how such elements can affect the quality of this type of reservoir.Master Thesis Análise sísmica de cold seeps como zonas de prospecção na porção offshore da Bacia de Barreirinhas, Margem Equatorial Brasileira(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2023-01-25) Delabrida, Guilherme Martins; Gomes, Moab Praxedes; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1073; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2086362176219605; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9822-1327; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3284774847933241; Magalhães, Antônio Jorge Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7278609149703896; Almeida, Narelle Maia deThe Brazilian Equatorial Margin (BEM) is an oblique-transform segment with counterparts in the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa. Both margins are inherited from the Pangea breakup and hence opening of the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean. These areas have been studied as new exploratory frontiers due to petroleum systems found in deep- and ultra-deep waters. The Barreirinhas Basin, located at the central portion of the BEM, has counterparts with the oil and gas producers Ivory Coast and Tano basins. Nevertheless, no relevant reserves were identified in the Barreirinhas Basin yet, moreover due to the poor study in respect to the petroleum systems. This present study aims to identify cold seeps in shallow strata and associated with hydrocarbon migration, indicating possible hydrocarbon accumulations along the offshore Barreirinhas Basin. Investigation was made through conventional 2D seismic reflection in post-stack time migration with additional use of seismic attributes. The results comprise the identification of cold seeps associated with hydrocarbon migration, including leaking faults, gas chimneys, pockmarks, hydrocarbonderived diagenetic zone (HRDZ), bottom simulating reflectors (BSR), and deep-water mounds. Regional morphologic and stratigraphic structures constrain the zones of cold seep occurrences. In the eastern lower continental slope and continental rise, regional normal faults control cold seep formation. On the central to northern sectors of the continental rise and abyssal plain, several deep-water mounds are sourced by gas chimneys and faults. Gravitational gliding systems are dominated by normal faults and negative flower structures that produce cold seeps on proximal regions, defining the extensional domain. These structural controls are related to the compressional domain of the distal portion, where the decollement zones and series of faults and folds are correlated to pockmarks and deep-water mounds. Near to the western compressional domain, igneous intrusions control the development of leaking faults, gas chimneys, bright spots, and pockmarks. These hydrocarbon-derived structures indicate potential petroleum systems in the Albian to Turonian-Oligocene tectono-sedimentary sequences in the central sector of the BEM. However, more refined techniques are needed to confirm the presence of active hydrocarbon seepage and/or storage. Likewise, the Barreirinhas Basin can be a vast field to the petroleum industry and scientific research, with the latter specially focusing in the nature of the deep-water mounds, endowed of great potential for the geobiology.Master Thesis Integrando estratigrafia, petrofísica e rede de fraturas carstificadas em um modelo digital 3D unificado: exemplo da Caverna Cristal (Cráton São Francisco, Nordeste do Brasil)(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2022-11-24) Pereira, João Victor Freire; Medeiros, Walter Eugênio de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6757-0572; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2170299963939072; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0081840323958115; Vasconcelos, David Lino; Nogueira, Francisco Cezar CostaDigital Outcrop Models (DOMs) are visual representations of geological sites in a virtual environment. DOMs are constantly evolving and widely used tools for geological investigations. However, in contrast with their broad applications, the full potential of DOMs is still underexplored in terms of their integration with other data. We present an integrative approach by combining a DOM with stratigraphic, petrophysical, fracture distribution and karst dissolution information into a single 3D georeferenced digital model. Fracture aperture enlargement due to karstic dissolution are implemented on a Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) to generate a Discrete Fracture and Karst Network (DFKN), where it is possible to compose different karstification intensity scenarios. The used DOM is based on photogrammetric data obtained inside a segment of the Cristal Cave. This cave developed in Mesoproterozoic carbonate rocks of the Caboclo Formation, in the Chapada Diamantina Group, São Francisco Craton, Northeastern Brazil, and has been used as a structural and diagenetic outcrop analogue for the Brazilian pre-salt carbonate reservoirs. The described Integrative Model combines both deterministic (stratigraphy and petrophysics) and stochastic (DFN and DFKN) elements. The framework of the Integrative Model reproduces the stratigraphy of the outcrop as 22 parallel layers, which were populated with porosity, permeability and uniaxial compressive strength measurements. Resorting to a stochastic approach, we obtained a 3D DFN by solving the stereology inverse problem, where statistical measurements of the fracture traces (power law and P21 persistences) on the walls and ceiling of the cave are honored. Petrophysical parameters of the Integrative Model can be easily changed, while it is also possible to modify the power law that relates aperture and fracture length to implement different karstification stages of the fracture apertures. As a result, different scenarios of primary and secondary porosities can be easily composed, which can be used in fluid flow simulations, thus facilitating the understanding of the multiple factors affecting the behavior of carbonate reservoirs.