BDTD - Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/11883
Browse
20 results
Search Results
Master Thesis Avaliação de indicadores de impactos ambientais no perímetro irrigado Cruzeta-Região semi-árida do RN(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009-02-18) Oliveira, Luciana Caldeira de; Mattos, Arthur; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6925820345407676; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8561509880230870; Righetto, Antonio Marozzi; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0476984348484601; Mattos, Karen Maria da Costa; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4795924Y4; Montenegro, Suzana Maria Gico Lima; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7831378362627809Environmental impacts are defined as the processes of social and ecological changes caused by nuisance ambient. In agriculture are diverse, and the intensive use of land and inappropriate agricultural practices causes negative effect on the environment besides affecting crop productivity and quality of life of man. So this study was objective to analyze parameters indicators of environmental impacts in the Cruzeta the Discrict Irrigation. During the period July 2007 to March 2008 samples were collected in lot 01 and 02 of the irrigation district. The monitoring was conducted in four sampling points, three (3) located in the irrigation channels and 1 (one) located in a cacimbão. Were monitored pH, CE, STD, SS, NO3-, OD, DT, PST, RAS, CT, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+ and K+ and heavy metals. Analysis was performed, soil fertility, determining the infiltration rate, moisture content of soil and flow measurement. The results showed that the parameters considered most effective in evaluating the indicators of environmental impacts were: Suspended solid, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and Coliform termotelerantes. The concentrations of nitrate were below the limit established by CONAMA (2005). High levels of STD were found in the point P4. The risk of salinity in cacimbão Lot 02, the water was classified as Class II, or medium risk of salinity in the remaining points was classified as Class I. The iron and aluminum were found high concentrations in four sampling points independent of the dry or rainy. On the ground, found high levels of phosphorus in both samples collected in the batch 01, as the lot 02. The pH levels found in samples of soil, the soil can be classified as neutral and moderate alkalinity. The high infiltration rate obtained in the tests performed in lots 01 and 02 indicated the high permeability of soil at these pointsDoctoral Thesis Formulação de novos combustíveis base diesel: avaliação de desempenho e emissões(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011-05-16) Fernandes, Manoel Reginaldo; Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino; Barros Neto, Eduardo Lins de; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798645D3; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783215D9; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4396362216028363; Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783139Z0&dataRevisao=null; Grilo, Marcelo Bezerra; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9758227561901031; Moura, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4702157Y9; Dantas, Michelle Sinara Gregório; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3916745350968978The industry, over the years, has been working to improve the efficiency of diesel engines. More recently, it was observed the need to reduce pollutant emissions to conform to the stringent environmental regulations. This has attached a great interest to develop researches in order to replace the petroleum-based fuels by several types of less polluting fuels, such as blends of diesel oil with vegetable oil esters and diesel fuel with vegetable oils and alcohol, emulsions, and also microemulsions. The main objective of this work was the development of microemulsion systems using nonionic surfactants that belong to the Nonylphenols ethoxylated group and Lauric ethoxylated alcohol group, ethanol/diesel blends, and diesel/biodiesel blends for use in diesel engines. First, in order to select the microemulsion systems, ternary phase diagrams of the used blends were obtained. The systems were composed by: nonionic surfactants, water as polar phase, and diesel fuel or diesel/biodiesel blends as apolar phase. The microemulsion systems and blends, which represent the studied fuels, were characterized by density, viscosity, cetane number and flash point. It was also evaluated the effect of temperature in the stability of microemulsion systems, the performance of the engine, and the emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, and smoke for all studied blends. Tests of specific fuel consumption as a function of engine power were accomplished in a cycle diesel engine on a dynamometer bench and the emissions were evaluated using a GreenLine 8000 analyzer. The obtained results showed a slight increase in fuel consumption when microemulsion systems and diesel/biodiesel blends were burned, but it was observed a reduction in the emission of nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, smoke index and f sulfur oxidesMaster Thesis Avaliação físico-química e funcional da algaroba prosopis juliflora proveniente da mesorregião agreste do Rio Grande do Norte(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011-02-17) Oliveira, Natalia de Freitas; Correia, Roberta Targino Pinto; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798196E6; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9509246817924750; Macêdo, Claudia Souza; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5335251554582575; Argandona, Eliana Janet Sanjinez; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6320661844629609; Medeiros, Henrique Rocha de; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7905026833909254Algaroba (Prosopis juliflora) is a typical legume from arid and semi arid regions, which is composed by sugar-rich pods and high protein seeds. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites recognized as potent bioactive compounds, found in several vegetables.Therefore, the objective of this work is to characterize the algaroba flour in terms of its physicalchemical composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS methods, a-amylase and a-glycosidase inhibition, as well as to analyze its organic compounds by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Three experimental groups were investigated (seeds, seeds and pod together and only pod), which were prepared by oven drying and posterior grinding. Water and ethanol extracts (70, 80, 100% v/v) were prepared and used for functional studies. Organic compounds were detected by using HPLC equipment coupled to mass spectrometer. Results show important physical-chemical differences among the experimental groups, seeds, seeds and pod together and only pod. The algarroba seed flour is high in protein (49.49%) and fat (3.10%), while the pod flour is especially rich in sugar (60.3% to 67.9%). Algaroba phenolics are concentrated in pod flour, mainly in water extracts (1.30 mg GAEQ/100g sample). All seed extracts showed high DPPH activity and maximum antioxidant activity was registered for ethanol 80% extracts (19.81 μM Trolox/g sample). The ABTS activity ranged from 9.73 to 12.74 μM Trolox/g sample. Nearly all the extracts were able to inhibit α-amylase activity mildly (30.50% to 48.80%), while the maximum α-glycosidase inhibition was observed for pod water extracts (81.03%). Algaroba water extracts proven to be especially rich in organic compounds, observed by the high number of chromatographic peaks. Results demonstrate that algaroba is a potential candidate for further investigations concerning its possible functional applicationsMaster Thesis Aplicação de ultrassons no deslocamento de petróleo em meio poroso(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010-11-10) Santos, Joselisse Soares de Carvalho; Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino; Leite, Ricardo Henrique de Lima; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3801476460958779; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783215D9; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6106592808767711; Barros Neto, Eduardo Lins de; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798645D3; Gomes, Erika Adriana de Santana; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2762469805823547; Santos, Francisco Klebson Gomes dos; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0273000754120553The objective of this study was to evaluate the displacement of petroleum/diesel solutions, at different concentrations, observing the effect of ultrasonic vibrations in fluids present in porous media to obtain an increase in oil production. The bubbles produced by ultrasound implode asymmetrically in the rock, generating liquid jets with high speed, displacing the oil present in porous media. The oil/diesel solutions were prepared with concentrations ranging from 20 g/L to 720 g/L in oil in relation to diesel and its viscosities were obtained in a Brookfield Rheometer RS2000, with temperature ranging from 25 to 55 °C. After, calculations were performed to obtain the activation energy data for oil/diesel solutions. For oil recovery experiments, cylindrical samples of porous rock (core samples), with resin around the perimeter and its two circular bases free to allow the passage of fluids, were first saturated with 2% KCl solution and after with oil solutions. The results of oil extraction were satisfactory for all studied solutions, being obtained up to 68% partial displacement with saline solution injection. The ultrasound system was used after saline injection, increasing oil displacement, with oil extractions ranging from 63% to 79%. During the experiments, it was observed the warming of core samples, helping to reduce the viscosity of more concentrated systems, and consequently enhancing the percentage of advanced recovery for all studied solutionsMaster Thesis Reciclagem de material asfáltico fresado utilizando solventes e microemulsões(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009-12-30) Gomes Filho, Fernando Francisco; Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro; Barros Neto, Eduardo Lins de; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798645D3; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783139Z0&dataRevisao=null; ; Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783215D9; Dantas, Michelle Sinara Gregório; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3916745350968978With the increase of asphalt milling services was also a significant increase in recycling services pavements. The techniques used today are basically physical processes in which the milled material is incorporated into new asphalt mixtures or executed on site, with the addition of virgin asphalt and rejuvenating agent. In this paper seeks to analyze the efficiency of extraction of CAP (Petroleum Asphalt Cement) mixtures from asphalt milling, using commercial solvents and microemulsions. The solvents were evaluated for their ability to solubilize asphalt using an extractor reflux-type apparatus. Pseudoternary diagrams were developed for the preparation of microemulsion O/W surfactant using a low-cost coconut oil saponified (OCS). Microemulsions were used to extract the CAP of asphalt through physicochemical process cold. Analysis was performed concentration of CAP in solution by spectroscopy. The data provided in the analysis of concentration by the absorbance of the solution as the basis for calculating the percentage of extraction and the mass flow of the CAP in the solution. The results showed that microemulsions prepared with low concentration of kerosene and butanol/OCS binary has high extraction power of CAP and its efficiency was higher than pure kerosene, reaching 95% rate of extractionMaster Thesis Avaliação da molhabilidade de soluções de tensoativos em aço inoxidável(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009-09-04) Nascimento, André Ezequiel Gomes do; Barros Neto, Eduardo Lins de; Moura, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4702157Y9; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798645D3; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7617753920843808; Alves Júnior, Clodomiro; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7441669258580942; Oliveira, Humberto Neves Maia de; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7302633941782540With the increasing industrialization of the planet caused by globalization, it has become increasingly common to search for highly resistant and durable materials for many diverse branches of activities. Thus, production and demand for materials that meet these requirements have constantly increased with time. In view of this, stainless steel is presented as one of the materials which are suitable applications, due to many features that are interesting for several segments of the industry. Concerns of oil companies over heavy oil reservoirs have grown steadily for the last decades. Rheological properties of these oils impair their transport in conventional flow systems. This problem has created the need to develop technologies to improve flow and transport, reducing operation costs so as to enable oil production in the reservoir. Therefore, surfactant-based chemical systems are proposed to optimize transport conditions, effected by reduction of interfacial tensions, thereby enhancing the flow of oil in ducts and reducing load losses by friction. In order to examine such interactions, a study on the wettability of metallic surfaces has been undertaken, represented by measuring of contact angle of surfactant solutions onto flat plates of 304 stainless steel. Aqueous solutions of KCl, surfactants and mixtures of surfactants, with linear and aromatic hydrocarbon chain and ethoxylation degrees ranging between 20 to 100, have been tested. The wettability was assessed by means of a DSA 100 krüss goniometer. The influence of roughness on the wettability was also investigated by machining and polished the stainless steel plates with sandpapers of references ranging between 100 of 1200. The results showed that sanding and polishing plates result in decrease of wettability. As for the solutions, they have provided better wettability of the stainless steel than the KCl solutions tested. It was also been concluded that surfactant mixtures is an option to be considered, since they promote interactions that generate satisfactory contact angles for a good wettability on the stainless steel plate. Another conclusion refers to the influence of the ethoxylation degree of the nonionic surfactant molecules on wettability. It has been observed that contact angles decrease with decreasing ethoxylation degrees. This leads us to conclude that molecules with higher ethoxylation degree, being more hydrophobic, decrease the interaction of water with the ducts, thereby reducing friction and improving the flowMaster Thesis Avaliação da remoção de sulfeto de hidrogênio do gás natural em uma coluna de absorção(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009-03-05) Silva Filho, Luiz Ferreira da; Barros Neto, Eduardo Lins de; Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783215D9; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798645D3; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0134882838594397; Gurgel, Alexandre; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5266735277153768; Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783139Z0&dataRevisao=nullNatural gas, although basically composed by light hydrocarbons, also presents in its composition gaseous contaminants such as CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2S (hydrogen sulfide). Hydrogen sulfide, which commonly occurs in oil and gas exploration and production activities, besides being among the gases that are responsible by the acid rain and greenhouse effect, can also cause serious harm to health, leading even to death, and damages to oil and natural gas pipelines. Therefore, the removal of hydrogen sulfide will significantly reduce operational costs and will result in oil with best quality to be sent to refinery, thereby resulting in economical, environmental, and social benefits. These factors highlight the need for the development and improvement of hydrogen sulfide sequestrating agents to be used in the oil industry. Nowadays there are several procedures for hydrogen sulfide removal from natural gas used by the petroleum industry. However, they produce derivatives of amines that are harmful to the distillation towers, form insoluble precipitates that cause pipe clogging and produce wastes of high environmental impact. Therefore, the obtaining of a stable system, in inorganic or organic reaction media, that is able to remove hydrogen sulfide without forming by-products that affect the quality and costs of natural gas processing, transport and distribution is of great importance. In this context, the evaluation of the kinetics of H2S removal is a valuable procedure for the treatment of natural gas and disposal of the byproducts generated by the process. This evaluation was made in an absorption column packed with Raschig ring, where natural gas with H2S passes through a stagnant solution, being the contaminant absorbed by it. The content of H2S in natural gas in column output was monitored by an H2S analyzer. The comparison between the obtained curves and the study of the involved reactions have not only allowed to determine the efficiency and mass transfer controlling step of the involved processes but also make possible to effect a more detailed kinetic study and evaluate the commercial potential of each reagentMaster Thesis Remoção conjugada de metais e óleo de água produzida(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009-03-06) Nunes, Shirlle Katia da Silva; Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro; Barros Neto, Eduardo Lins de; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798645D3; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783139Z0&dataRevisao=null; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7890000571911617; Gurgel, Alexandre; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5266735277153768; Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783215D9Petroleum can be associated or not with natural gas, but in both cases water is always present in its formation. The presence of water causes several problems, such as the difficulty of removing the petroleum from the reservoir rock and the formation of waterin-oil and oil-in-water emulsions. The produced water causes environmental problems, which should be solved to reduce the effect of petroleum industry in the environment. The main objective of this work is to remove simultaneously from the produced water the dispersed petroleum and dissolved metals. The process is made possible through the use of anionic surfactants that with its hydrophilic heads interacts with ionized metals and with its lipophilic tails interacts with the oil. The studied metals were: calcium, magnesium, barium, and cadmium. The surfactants used in this research were derived from: soy oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, and a soap obtained from a mixture of 5wt.% coconut oil and 95wt.% animal fat. It was used a sample of produced water from Terminal de São Sebastião, São Paulo. As the concentration of the studied metals in produced water presented values close to 300 mg/L, it was decided to use this concentration as reference for the development of this research. Molecular absorption and atomic absorption spectroscopy were used to determine petroleum and metals concentrations in the water sample, respectively. A constant pressure filtration system was used to promote the separation of solid and liquid phases. To represent the behavior of the studied systems it was developed an equilibrium model and a mathematical one. The obtained results showed that all used surfactants presented similar behavior with relation to metals extraction, being selected the surfactant derived from soy oil for this purpose. The values of the partition coefficients between the solid and liquid phases " D " for the studied metals varied from 0.2 to 1.1, while the coefficients for equilibrium model " K " varied from 0.0002 and 0.0009. The removal percentile for oil with all metals associated was near 100%, showing the efficiency of the processMaster Thesis Aplicação de microemulsões na solubilização de frações pesadas de petróleo(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009-03-06) Gomes, Diego ângelo de Araújo; Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro; Gurgel, Alexandre; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5266735277153768; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783139Z0&dataRevisao=null; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1122632660553343; Leite, Ricardo Henrique de Lima; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3801476460958779; Barros Neto, Eduardo Lins de; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798645D3; Moura, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4702157Y9This work presents studies related to the use of microemulsions in the solubilization of heavy crude oil fractions responsible by the formation of deposits. The first stage of the work was addressed to the construction of phases diagrams, with the intention of determining the area within which the microemulsion is formed. The following systems were studied: UNITOL L 90 n-Butanol - Water - Kerosene (system 1); UNITOL L 90 - n-Butanol - Water - Xylene (system 2); UNITOL L 90 n-Butanol - Water - Kerosene/Xylene 10% (system 3); UNITOL L 90 - Sec-Butanol - Water - Xylene (system 4). In parallel experiments of physical adsorption were carried out by the static method, with the intention of simulating natural conditions of reservoirs. Crude oil of the Fazenda Belém field (Rio Grande do Norte), was used as solute, xylene as solvent and the Assu sandstone (Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil) and Botucatu sandstone (Paraná, Brazil) as rock reservoirs. The curves of adsorption presented the S format type, in agreement with the classification proposed by Giles, Smith and Huitson (1974). The solubilization process was accomplished in the batch method, by varying the time of agitation, the microemulsions and the solid/solution ratio. The experiments showed that the microemulsions presented high efficiency in the solubilization of the crude oil adsorbed on the sandstones. System 2 presented an efficiency of 99% for the Assu sandstone and 97% for the Botucatu sandstoneDoctoral Thesis Obtenção de placas cerâmico a partir de formulações de massas triaxiais de resíduos de caulim, chamote de telha e cinza vegetal(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009-08-10) Cunha, José Eduardo Vilar; Nascimento, Rubens Maribondo do; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8671649752936793; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1111363414340356; Martinelli, Antônio Eduardo; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0022988322449627; Melo, Marcus Antônio de Freitas; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5840621182000517; Pontes, Luiz Renato de Araújo; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4820371851760936; Alarcon, Orestes Estevam; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9677712420522121The production of red ceramic is an industrial activity that causes an intense impact. The manufacture of its products considerably increases the demand for natural resources, mainly with the extraction of raw material. The ceramic material produced generates waste, such as ash firewood and chamote. The residue from the beneficiation of kaolin is deposited in a poor, degrades the environment and contaminate water sources and soil, constituting in this manner, ecological disasters. The main objective of this work is to develop the formulation of a ceramic product consisting solely of industrial solid wastes, from ceramic tiles, (chamote) residue of kaolin and ash firewood. It is assumed that this product made in the laboratory can be used in coatings, wall and floor. The aim is to facilitate the replacement of the raw material of original composition of a ceramic body, for waste, while the process of production equal to the conventionally used, so that the properties of the product are reproduced. This work is characterized waste as its chemical composition, analysis of particle size, X-ray diffraction and thermal behavior. Several formulations were studied. The mass of waste was prepared by dry process, pressed to 25 MPa, and then burned in muffle type oven to 850, 950, 1050 and 1150 °C. The results showed that it is technically possible to produce porous tiles only with waste. It was found that the formulations of bodies play a key role in the properties of the final product, as well as the sintering temperature and heating rates. RN in the waste of kaolin is estimated at 15,000 t/month, about 3,000 gray t/month and chamote with 10 million pieces/month damaged. The presence of carbonates of calcium and magnesium at 1050 ° C results in an appropriate porosity and mechanical strength. The formulation M3JE, composed of 69% waste of kaolin, 7.7% and 23.3% of chamote of gray, became suitable for porous materials with the strength and absorption within the level of national and international standards