BDTD - Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações
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Doctoral Thesis Avaliação da interferência do ruído e da qualidade acústica no desempenho cognitivo do usuário de sala de aula com uso da realidade virtual(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2023-07-17) Alves, Luciana da Rocha; Araújo, Bianca Carla Dantas de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4058-7785; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6438797671562128; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3693186859557454; Vorländer, Michael; Maiorino, Alexandre Virginelli; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3770-0217; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3832030276095075; Michalski, Ranny Loureiro Xavier Nascimento; Araújo, Virginia Maria Dantas de; Melo, Viviane Suzey Gomes deMany of the activities performed by human beings require a certain degree of attention and concentration that can be influenced by the environment where they are. The acoustics of an environment, whether insulation or room acoustic, can interfere with the cognitive performance of people, influencing their success in activities that require more concentration. The classroom is an example of an environment that, among other characteristics, must have adequate acoustics to provide students with a satisfactory environment for teaching-learning functions. Several studies indicate that the teaching-learning process can be impaired by unsatisfactory classroom acoustics, which deteriorates the students' understanding of the teacher's speech, besides causing physiological effects, such as stress and fatigue. In Brazil, attention to the acoustic treatment of classrooms can be considered recent and still not very extensive, and its importance may not be perceived even by students who have never studied in a classroom with proper acoustics, therefore the classroom was used for the application of this research The general objective of this thesis is to evaluate the interference of external noise under different room acoustic conditions, through combinations of insulation levels and acoustic conditioning, on the cognitive performance of users in classrooms. The specific objectives can be listed as: 1 - To analyze the room acoustics of a real classroom through measurements and simulations to support auralizations in different sound conditions; 2 - To evaluate, in a virtual reality environment, the influence of different levels of sound insulation and room acoustics on student attention through auralizations; 3 - To evaluate the interference of different types of noises, common in educational spaces, on the user's level of attention, in the virtual environment; and 4 - To compare the results obtained through cognitive tests with the subjective perception of the participants. The present research addresses a quali-quantitative study, whose methodological procedures involve acoustic measurements and simulations, auralizations, creation of virtual reality environment, application of serial recall test and statistical analysis with hypothesis testing. A pilot study was conducted in a virtual reality environment, with five different acoustic conditions, to evaluate the influence of noise on users regarding these conditions through a cognitive performance test. Acoustic insulation and conditioning were simulated in two conditions, one being satisfactory and one unsatisfactory for each of the parameters. These conditions were combined with each other in the auralization process, in addition to the "silent" condition, whose audio reproduced pink noise in order to mask possible intrusive noises from the real environment. The pilot study was conducted in Germany (n=16) and replicated as an object experiment in Brazil with another group of participants (n=17) using traffic noise as the residual noise for the test. The results of this study indicate that there was a high variability in the hit rate among participants in all conditions, who had similar mean hits among themselves. Factors of fatigue and response time to the experiment were evaluated, and were not shown to have a trend in behavior according to the order in which the test was taken. One factor observed in the study was the importance of varying the audio recording so that cyclic repetition does not condition the participant to predict sound events, a situation that would not happen in a real situation. Thus, a new test, this time conducted with conversational noise, considered a longer duration recording. The results of this test (n=44) also presented similar averages between the acoustic conditions. However, it was possible to observe variations in the set of results in each of these conditions, indicating that residual conversation noise influences cognitive performance more when isolation is poor, since hit rates were lower in these conditions. Room acoustic also indicated influences, so that the results of the hit rates were higher with the test under conversational noise when the sound was unintelligible. Considering only the experiments conducted in Brazil, the results of both tests under different types of noise were compared with each other, resulting in a greater interference of conversation noise on the cognitive performance of users compared to traffic noise.Master Thesis Todos entenderam?: compatibilização das características arquitetônicas e qualidade acústica em salas de aula nas instituições federais de ensino superior de Natal/RN(2018-01-15) Alves, Luciana da Rocha; Araújo, Bianca Carla Dantas de; ; ; Araújo, Virginia Maria Dantas de; ; Oiticica, Maria Lúcia Gondim da Rosa;Schools are places of learning in which communication is essential for the fulfillment of their function, but most Brazilian schools do not have adequate acoustic conditions. When the spoken message is not clearly heard by the students, the understanding of the speech is affected and, consequently, the learning process is impaired. Good acoustic conditions in classrooms make the learning process easier and less stressful for teachers and students. The resources invested in improvement, in order to promote acoustic comfort, are still seen only as expenses and not as investment in education. The research question raised is: do the classrooms of federal higher education institutions in Natal/RN have adequate architectural acoustics? The main objective of this study is to reconcile the acoustic quality of theoretical classrooms with different architectural characteristics in federal institutions of higher education in Natal/RN, in order to propose basic guidelines for the improvement of acoustic quality. Acoustic parameters were found for this type of research, such as Reverberation Time (T20), Initial Decision Time (EDT) and Speech Transmission Index (ITS), as well as other important controls for speech intelligibility analysis. The methodological procedures consist of the bibliographic research on the subject, as well as the application of field research, in order to ascertain a true acoustic quality of the classrooms studied and to make possible solutions proposals. Acoustic measurements were performed in the classrooms of the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, where low acoustic quality was found in all classroom standards. The results found in the acoustic measurements were compared according to the criteria: measurement techniques, reverberation time in architecturally identical rooms and reverberation time in rooms with height variation. From the results of the measurements, we proposed simulations to improve the acoustic quality of the rooms, finding that 50% of area of absorbent material in the ceiling significantly improves the acoustic conditioning of the room for speech, with better results with 100% of the area of liner material in absorbent and more homogeneous distribution of parameters throughout the room when absorbent material is added to 25% of the posterior wall area. According to the results, design guidelines were proposed for classrooms analyzed, such as the application of absorbent ceiling and the proportion of form in which there is better distribution of acoustic parameters.