Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Animal
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Master Thesis Caracterização molecular de bactérias ácido láticas no queijo de coalho artesanal do Seridó potiguar(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-08-28) Costa, Ruana Célia Gomes de Morais; Rangel, Adriano Henrique do Nascimento; Araújo, Emmanuella de Oliveira Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8520333645309630; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-4156; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9757343999118047; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5569153262378431; Scattone, Katya Anaya Jacinto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7632524600986257Artisanal coalho cheese holds great sociocultural and economic relevance in Northeastern Brazil, especially in the Seridó Potiguar region. Produced with raw milk and spontaneous fermentation, it develops an autochthonous microbiota responsible for unique sensory and functional attributes. This study molecularly characterized the microbiota of 32 samples through sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, identifying 69 species across 25 genera. Bacteria from the phylum Firmicutes predominated, with emphasis on the genus Enterococcus, which accounted for about 25% of the microbial community. This group presents high technological potential due to its ability to produce bacteriocins, contribute to acidification, modulate texture, and enhance aroma, in addition to reinforcing product stability and safety. Other LAB genera, such as Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcus, also contributed to the production of aromatic compounds and the synthesis of exopolysaccharides, which are essential for sensory quality and the inhibition of undesirable microorganisms. The observed diversity confirms the microbial terroir of Seridó cheese and highlights the microbiota as a strategic resource for valorization, innovation, and market expansion of the product.Master Thesis Ensilagem de sorgo com inclusão da parte aérea da mandioca(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-08-27) Silva Júnior, Amaury Alves da; Tres, Tamara Tais; Lima Júnior, Valdi de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6488-6141; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1848264490717773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2079953467913250; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3096839596232469; Gonçalves, Juliete de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5749606169407857; Lala, Bruno; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5951-8002; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2208309622056940This study aimed to evaluate the effects of including the upper third of cassava foliage in sorghum silage, considering its impact on bromatological composition, aerobic stability, apparent nutrient digestibility, feed intake, and ingestive behavior of sheep. Experimental silages were prepared with different proportions of sorghum and cassava foliage (0, 25, 50, and 75% on a dry matter basis). In the first trial, conducted in a completely randomized design, after 60 days of fermentation, the inclusion of cassava foliage promoted significant changes in the nutritional composition of silages, reducing the levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, and hemicellulose, while increasing crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and lignin contents (P<0.0001). Dry matter (DM) losses tended to decrease with higher inclusion of cassava foliage, although without statistical difference (P=0.1258). Aerobic stability was not compromised, since all silages maintained stable pH and temperature up to 48 hours after silo opening, with gradual increases thereafter. These results demonstrate that cassava foliage inclusion improves the nutritional value of silages without impairing their initial preservation. In the second study, carried out in a 4x4 Latin square design with four crossbred lambs of the breeds (Santa Inês × Dorper), male, castrated and an average weight of 31 kg, the responses of consumption, digestibility and ingestive behavior were evaluated. The inclusion of cassava foliage increased the intake of non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC; P=0.0559) and EE (P=0.1237), particularly in the 50 and 75% inclusion levels. However, CP digestibility (P=0.0004) and NDF digestibility (P=0.0145) decreased at higher inclusion levels (50 and 75%). On the other hand, digestibility of DM, EE, NFC, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) was not affected (P>0.05), indicating that partial replacement of sorghum with cassava foliage does not compromise overall diet utilization. Dry matter intake was not influenced (P>0.05), reinforcing the feasibility of using cassava foliage even at high inclusion levels. Most ingestive behavior variables were unchanged, suggesting stable feeding and rumination patterns, although occasional differences were observed in lying idle time in specific periods. Regarding aerobic stability, the 75% cassava foliage inclusion resulted in lower maximum temperature (P=0.0223) and greater resistance to pH increase (P=0.0346), suggesting inhibitory effects of secondary metabolites on spoilage microorganisms and favoring silage conservation after silo opening. Taken together, both studies demonstrate that combining sorghum with cassava foliage represents a promising alternative for silage production in ruminant feeding systems, adding value to an abundant agricultural by-product. The inclusion of 25% of the upper third of the cassava vine is more balanced between digestibility. These findings highlight the potential of this practice as a tool for sustainable intensification of livestock production, reducing losses, enhancing by-product utilization, and ensuring the supply of quality forage.Master Thesis Análise situacional da produção de carne ovina no estado do Rio Grande do Norte(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-08-21) Pinheiro, José Roberto Ferreira; Urbano, Stela Antas; Emerenciano Neto, João Virginio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3060-9696; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1984496234545545; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0033-3601; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4735195863891753; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0197511670716467; Ojeda, Milton Daniel Benitez; Marques Júnior, Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3095760811566254Understanding the workings of the sheep meat production chain in Rio Grande do Norte is the foundation for improving the quality of the meat produced and its commercialization in the formal market. Lamb meat production faces obstacles that need to be understood and addressed, such as animals with poor zootechnical quality, the slaughter of older animals, and slaughterhouses with insufficient sanitary infrastructure, which makes it impossible to regularize them with official inspection services. The objective of the research work was to collect and evaluate data from the slaughtered herd and the slaughter infrastructure in the six main slaughterhouses located in Rio Grande do Norte. A total of 335 animals were evaluated for live weight, sex, approximate age at slaughter, BCS, carcass weight, carcass yield, and commercial meat destination. There was no defined breed standard for animals destined for slaughter. The average body condition score (3.0) was considered low, and the average age of 14.8 months was considered high. About the genre, 55.5% of the slaughtered animals were female, indicating low performance and compromising the replacement of herds, which will likely tend to shrink. It was also found that the slaughterhouses selected for the study lacked adequate infrastructure and sanitary conditions, being considered irregular from a health inspection perspective, leading to difficulties in marketing sheep meat in the formal market. It is concluded that sheep destined for slaughter in the State of Rio Grande do Norte do not have a defined racial standard and present an age and body condition score that are not suitable for meat production at the qualitative standard expected by the market, which compromises the consolidation of the sheep meat production chain.Master Thesis Caracterização da produção do queijo de coalho artesanal da região do Seridó do Rio Grande do Norte(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-06-25) Nascimento, Érica Lima de Souza; Rangel, Adriano Henrique do Nascimento; Araújo, Emmanuella de Oliveira Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8520333645309630; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-4156; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9757343999118047; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4164160681657285; Sales, Danielle Cavalcanti; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0230-3446; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7148546736891836; Bezerra, Joadilza da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0452968263306637Artisanal rennet cheese is a product of significant cultural, economic and historical importance to the Seridó region of Rio Grande do Norte, which has been produced with raw milk and empirically for decades. The aim of this study was to characterize the cheese makers and investigate the microbiological profile of Seridó rennet cheese. A total of 136 cheesemakers were selected and an on-site questionnaire was applied to study their characterization. For the microbiological analysis of the cheese, 45 samples of handmade rennet cheese were collected from 11 municipalities in the region. According to this study, 80.15% of the owners were male, most of whom were between the ages of 41 and 60. Of the cheesemakers studied, 63.2% have been on the market for more than 10 years, but only 8% have health inspection records. Regarding the production process, the total volume of milk processed in 2021 was 58,678 liters/day; 92% of the milk received is not refrigerated and practically 100% uses raw milk to make the cheese. However, only 25% carry out quality analysis of the raw material. The milk quality analyses identified that Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. are within the legal standard, but for coliforms at 35 and 45°C, more than 40% of the samples were above the limit determined by legislation in relation to quality programs. We observed that the lack of uniformity in the production processes of artisanal rennet cheese in the Seridó favors possible contamination of the product, especially in relation to the application of good production practices. With regard to the microbiological profile and the physical-chemical characteristics of the cheese, it was observed that in part of the production there is a need for adjustments in the parameters of total coliforms and fat content, respectively. It can be concluded that the production chain has heterogeneous, unique characteristics and wide variations in the production process, which is reflected in the sensory, physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the rennet cheeses. Training programs must be constant and effective to guide the players in this production chain and to improve and enhance the value of this food that carries with it the identity of the region.Master Thesis Crescimento e partição de biomassa da espécie Opuntia ficus-indica Mill cultivada em sistema de plantio adensado(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012-02-28) Barbosa, Vitor Bruno Rodrigues; Aguiar, Emerson Moreira de; Silva, Gualter Guenther Costa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0029507073767618; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3844922335813780; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4555029952072890; Oliveira, Ermelinda Maria Mota; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6957940488708665; Assis, Liz Carolina da Silva Lagos Cortes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9799-8545; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7511383482412937This study aimed to characterize the growth of shoot and root system and biomass production and partitioning of the plant in cultivation in the dense wilderness area of the RN / Brazil. The effects of the dry and rainy periods with and without fertilization (200 kg / N / ha) in cutting intervals of 240 days. For the characterization of growth were measured length, width, thickness, perimeter and area of cladodes, and is accounted for and distributed by order, finally gave the area index of cladodes (IAC). In determining the distribution of roots and their biomass samples were used with a volume of 125.6 cm ³, at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth, distributed online, transition and leading, in the useful area of the plot. The biomass production and root for the evaluations in the dry season (7.91, 1.3), no rain (8.76, 3.64) and fertilization (9.2, 4.02 t / ha), respectively. The values for the root / shoot in the periods were 0.16 (dry), 0.41 (without rain) and 0.44 (wet 200 kg / N / ha). The ACT average was 0.70. The root diameter was> 2.0 and the length was variation between the periods from 5.3 to 28.57 cm, with an average total area of 20.17 cm ². This shows that the palm, regardless of the treatment, mobilizes large part of the water and nutrients to the shoot.Master Thesis Queijo mozzarella: rendimento e sua relação com o leite, o processamento e a recuperação de constituintes(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2016-03-18) Sales, Danielle Cavalcanti; Rangel, Adriano Henrique do Nascimento; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-4156; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9757343999118047; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0230-3446; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7148546736891836; Borba, Luis Henrique Fernandes; Guilhermino, Magda Maria; Tonhati, HumbertoIn mozzarella manufacturing, traditional cheese from Italy, Brazilian dairy products are based on the Italian production technology, necessarily using the whole buffalo milk and employing a similar process. The mozzarella yield suffers effect of various factors requiring better understanding of their relationship with the production process. Thus, this study aimed to identify the relationship of mozzarella yield with the composition of buffalo milk, the factors of processing and recovery of constituents in whey. The production of 30 batches of mozzarella cheese in a dairy industry in the state of Rio Grande do Norte was accompanied, between March and November of 2015 the volumes of ingredients were followed, the whey and cheese produced; Steps duration; and other important factors in the process, such as pH. Samples of raw milk and whey samples were collected for chemical analysis (fat, total protein, casein, lactose, total solids and non-fat solids) and the results were used to calculate recovery in whey constituents (RES). To calculate the mozzarella yield (RM) was considered the volume ratio (kg) of milk used for each kg of cheese obtained. The data were subjected to statistical method of descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and multivariate (principal components). The physico-chemical characteristics of milk were within the ideal for processing and according to the literature reviewed. RM had overall average 4.74 ± 0.40 L / kg and the RES, 5.93 ± 1.87; 34.97 ± 2.70; 33.39 ± 2.85; 95.04 ± 4.18; 44.02 ± 2.00; and 66.82 ± 3.36 for fat, protein, casein, lactose, non-fat solids and total solids, respectively. Mozzarella processing generally reached an adequate yield for this type of cheese, below 5.0 L/kg. Most of the correlations were not significant between the milk composition variables and between the processing variables, but was most significant in its recovery to the constituent variables in serum. Mozzarella yield showed a greater association with the age of yeast, times elapsed between the sections and during the curd stretching and pH and density of the milk. Knowing the recovery of whey components and mozzarella yield and better controlling the processing of factors, Mainly related to yeast (whey) and elapsed times during the stages, is a way for the industry to get a more stable manufacturing efficiency mozzarella.Master Thesis Avaliação do uso do extrato pirolenhoso de eucalipto (Eucalyptus urugrandis) sobre o desempenho, qualidade de carne e toxicidade em suínos em fase de terminação(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-08-27) Oliveira, Rômulo Pessoa Genuino de; Moreira, José Aparecido; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4985246420488435; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4476985027265212; Pimenta, Alexandre Santos; Cavalcanti, Jorge dos Santos; Marinho, Andreza LourençoThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of inclusion of eucalyptus pyroligneous extract (PE) on animal performance, meat quality, and liver profile of finishing pigs to evaluate the possible toxicity of the pyroligneous extract. Twenty-four crossbred pigs (Large Withe, Landrace, Pietran, and Duroc), castrated males, with an average initial weight of 56.4 ± 2.1 kg, were used. The animals were housed individually in experimental sheds with semi-automatic feeders and nipple drinkers. The experimental diets consisted of corn, soybean meal, vegetable oil, and commercial core and supplemented with increasing levels of pyroligneous extract (0; 1; 2, and 3%). The animals were weighed at the beginning and end of the experimental period to evaluate the following performance data: daily feed intake (DFR), total weight gain (TWG), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion (FCR). Blood was collected before slaughter to analyze the hepatic profile (ALT and AST) of the animals. At the end of the experiment, the animals were slaughtered to measure the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the carcasses, and fragments of liver tissue were collected for histological analysis. No statistical effects were found when including increasing levels of PE (P>0.05) on the parameters of daily weight gain and total weight gain, total feed intake, daily feed intake, feed conversion, as well as there were no effects on most of the meat quality parameters or the hepatic profile. An increasing linear effect (P<0.05) was observed on the backfat thickness (ET2). There was no toxicological effect with the increasing inclusion of pyroligneous extract in the alienation of the pigs. The pyroligneous extract can be used in up to 3% of incus in diets of pigs in the finishing phase, considering that no effect was shown on the evaluated parameters.Master Thesis Ocorrência do leite instável não ácido em vacas da raça Gir leiteiro(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2023-09-28) Petri, Alinson de Aquino; Rangel, Adriano Henrique do Nascimento; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-4156; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9757343999118047; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5723206000476039; Sales, Danielle Cavalcanti; Araújo, Emmanuella de Oliveira Moura; Urbano, Stela AntasThe objective of the study was to investigate the occurrence of unstable nonacid milk (UNAM) in gir dairy cows. The research was conducted on the experimental farm of the Agricultural Research Company of RN. A total of 60 individual milk samples were obtained from 13 cows, at morning milking, from July to September 2022. Cup tests and California Mastitis Test (CMT) were performed to exclude cows with mastites. The milk samples werw subjected to composition analyzes (fat, protein, lactose, non-fat solids and total solids) ,somatic cell count (SCC), density, titratable acidity (TA), pH and alcohol test (AT) 72°, 74° and 78°. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, while the means were compared using the Tukey and Duncan test at 5% significance. The samples were group into normal milk (13,34%), acidic milk (78,33%) and UNAM (8,33%). UNAM was the smallest part of the 48,33% of AT positive samples. Only TA differed (P<0.001) between normal milk (TA ≥14≤18°D e AT Negativo) and UNAM (TA ≥14≤18°D e AT Positivo) in relation to acid milk (TA >18°D e AT Negativo ou Positivo). UNAM had clotting at graduations 74°(37.5%) and 78°(62.5%), UNAM did not occur at the lowest graduation used of 72°. Therefore, the occurrence of unstable non-acidic milk (UNAM) in dairy cows was low. The acidity results were high in individual milk, Which may have been caused by the natural acidity, lactation stage and/or breed of the animal. Future research is suggested to understand the factors that influence the occurrence of UNAM and its impact on dairy zebu breeds.Master Thesis Plantio irrigado de gramíneas para produção de silagem: recomendação e viabilidade para a agricultura familiar(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2023-12-21) Chagas, Felipe Pontes Teixeira das; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3060-9696; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1984496234545545; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5265-440X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8604095755381340; Silveira, Flávio Pereira da Mota; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-1053; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0123052920569341; Urbano, Stela AntasThe aim was to evaluate the performance, production characteristics, cost analysis and financial yields of silage, using crops that are part of the seed distribution program for family farming, carried out by the Rio Grande do Norte state government, and to assess the possibility of using millet for this purpose. To this end, an experiment was carried out in a randomized block design in which the treatments consisted of the following grasses: BRS Potiguar maize, BRS Cruzeta maize, BRS Ponta Negra sorghum and BRS 1501 millet; each treatment had five (5) replications. The research was conducted under drip irrigation and all the treatments were fertilized as suggested by the soil analysis. Options for using the whole plant for silage were characterized, measuring characteristics such as green mass production, dry mass production, leaf mass production, bunch mass production, leaf: stalk ratio, green and silage chemical composition, and quantification of losses in the ensiling process. In addition, the production costs of each variety tested were estimated, showing the total income per hectare, net income and rate of return. Cruzeta maize produced the most green mass, with 47.72 t ha-1. Sorghum produced the most dry matter per hectare, totaling 16.59 t ha-1. Millet was the crop with the highest losses during the ensiling process, totaling 6.4%. The fresh millet fodder had the highest levels of crude protein (CP) and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) among the treatments, totaling 11.86% and 36.43%, respectively. In addition, sorghum silage resulted in the lowest CP content, at 7%. Cruzeta maize has the highest financial yield, with net income of R$5,634.09 per hectare, while millet has the lowest cost of R$10,557.20. Maize varieties can also be used as a forage option, as there is no difference in green mass production between maize and sorghum, and the silage has higher levels of CP when compared to sorghum. Millet can be a lower-investment but less productive option. In irrigated conditions, producing corn is more financially advantageous.Master Thesis Extrato aquoso das folhas e óleo da semente de moringa em substituição ao antimicrobiano na dieta de frangos de corte(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2023-09-28) Lima, Karolayne Rayara Santos de; Lopes, Cláudia da Costa; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2888-9839; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4090154859587999; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6220702067895332; Oliveira, Camilla Roana Costa de; Barros Júnior, Romilton Ferreira de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1432-5020; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4322570815106008The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous leaf extract of moringa leaves (ALEM) and moringa seed oil (MSO) replacing zinc bacitracin in the diet of broilers on feed digestibility, development of villi and intestinal crypts, performance, carcass yield, cuts and organs. 336 broilers from 1 to 42 days of age were used, divided into seven treatments and six replications. The treatments were: positive control diet containing zinc bacitracin; negative control diet without additives; diet containing 0.20% MSO and four diets containing ALEM levels (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0%). The variables evaluated were: DM and CP digestibility of the diets; villus height, crypt depth and villus/crypt ratio (V/C) in the duodenum and jejunum; feed consumption, weight gain and feed conversion (FC); hot carcass yields (HCY), cold carcass yields (CCY) and commercial cuts; and relative weight of the organs. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and F test for orthogonal contrasts, at 5% probability. ALEM levels were subjected to regression analysis. ALEM and MSO resulted in greater digestibility for DM and CP, greater villus heights, V/C ratio and lower crypt depth than the control treatments. There was no effect of the treatments on the FC of the broilers. The addition of moringa resulted in greater weight of the proventricle, thigh, drumstick and back. There was a linear increase in the height of the duodenum villi and the V/C ratio of the jejunum, a linear reduction in the depth of the jejunum crypt, maximum crypt depth and the V/C ratio in the jejunum at the level of 0.56% addition of ALEM. It is concluded that ALEM and MSO can be used as a substitute for zinc bacitracin for broilers.