Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia
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Doctoral Thesis Território sem lugar: a inexistência de políticas territoriais no Brasil(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2017-12-11) Aranha, Pablo Ruyz Madureira; Silva, Aldo Aloisio Dantas da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7256935171597850; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490535550021736; Locatel, Celso Donizete; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7006-1480; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2047387364725653; Gomes, Rita de Cássia da Conceição; Rocha Neto, João Mendes da; Barros, Sérgio Ricardo da SilveiraBy territorial policy it is understood that in which seizes the territory as a fundamental element and the totality as a founding principle. This doctorate in Geography’s conclusive paper defends the thesis that there are no territorial policies in Brazil. Starts with the hypothesis that in Brazil there is only one way of thinking the relation between public policies and territory: the territory is always thought from public policies. It is thought to refute those public policies in the territory rather than thinking the public policies based on its demands and problems. It is proven that the territory is only a rethorical adjective in the Brazilian Federal Government official documents. Based on the Miltonian geographical perspective and on the Matusian strategical perspective as theoretical principles, it is analyzed the federal government public policies that mention the territory and it is demonstrated that there is a generalized territorial rethoric, proving the inverted thought of the relation between public policies and territory, cause of the situational blindness eminently geographical of the entire governmental planning structure of Brazilian federalism. It can be concluded that there are no territorial policies in Brazil. The origin of this result has to be with the theoretical and practical miscomprehension regarding the place(s), there where these policies take place. It is urgent the formulation of a brazilian territorial policy.Master Thesis Análise morfopedológica aplicada a compreensão dos processos erosivos hídricos em vertentes no município de Pilões/PB(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012) Henrique, Filipe Mendes; Fernandes, Erminio; Lima, Zuleide Maria Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1283103005046733; Oliveira, Deborah de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2770392631554400; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8655529239607724The analysis of the components of the physical environment provides an understanding of important conditions that interfere with greater or lesser susceptibility to soil erosion. The identification of the mechanisms that determine the erosion process is essential so that we can develop a plan for the control, prevention and contributing to sustainable land use. The city of Pilões/PB has occupied since its agricultural activities undertaken on slopes, characterized by non conservation practices that contribute substantially to the runoff causing soil erosion, especially in its rural areas, and also presents several points of landslides on the slopes, especially cutting on the slopes of highways. In this sense, this research aims to analyze the genesis and evolution of erosion on the slopes of the city of Pilões/ PB, based on the relationship between processes morphogenetic-pedogenetic and anthropogenic activities. For the construction of the research used the propositions (TRICART; KILLIAN, 1982, CASTRO, SALOMÃO, 2000) on the partitioning morfopedológycaL the city, but were made based on proposals topossequences (BOULET, 1993) in order to verify the characteristics soil in the areas studied. To identify key characteristics that influence soil erosion were analyzed for particle size, chemical and mineralogical properties of the samples. We identified four compartments morfopedológicos in the city, which is called MP-I, MP-II, MP-III and MP-IV, these compartments are products of the interrelation between the geological substratum, topography and soils, providing spatial-temporal units homogeneous and intrinsic physical environment. It was found that the erosion was concentrated in compartments MP-I and MP-II, because they have characteristics more favorable to erosion such as steep slopes, morphologies that favor the concentration of surface flow, soils with textural discontinuities, among others.Doctoral Thesis Os ventos que movem as velas do mercado: intervenções urbanas em frentes de água no contexto da produção do espaço da cidade de Fortaleza - CE(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2018-11-23) Mendes, Marília Colares; Costa, Ademir Araújo da; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8382380271380702; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6575384853383383; Gomes, Rita de Cássia da Conceição; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3188665123953039; Valença, Márcio Moraes; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7057449448661416; Nascimento, Alexandre Sabino do; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8204907642170910; Holanda, Virginia Célia Cavalcante de; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9956987624407961The purpose of this research was to analyze the urban interventions that act on the waterfronts and that restructure the surroundings of the port area of the city of Fortaleza from the production of the space. We assume as a temporal cut the beginning of the 21st century, and more specifically, the years 2000 to 2017. We start from the thesis that urban policies are directed to privileged spaces of the city, in this case, the waterfronts that correspond to the section of the avenue Beira Mar. In order to understand the phenomenal experience of the empirical cut, we are supported in the theoretical contributions fomented by the regressive-progressive method, which allowed us to understand the production of the urban space of the Fortaleza waterfronts contextualized to a totality. However, based on this method, it was possible to resort to historical processes to unravel the current dynamics, when, during the second half of the twentieth century, the coastal area becomes one of the most valued and disputed in the city, making public power different interventions that culminated in the incorporation and urban renewal. Today, the segment comprising the Praia de Iracema, Meireles and Mucuripe districts is marked by a close relationship between real estate and tourism dynamics, characterized by the high price of urban land, the concentration of residential condominiums and high-standard hotels and the best access conditions services and urban infrastructure. At the same time, Fortaleza maintains an important peculiarity in relation to the occupation of its waterfronts, since it is characterized by a city that is intensely fragmented, segregated, plundered and denounces through its urban fabric the inequalities of all orders. In the current context of entrepreneurship in urban governance and the consolidation of strategic planning, we understand that these urban interventions are a trigger for real estate development, in the same proportion that the State creates and modernizes new urban and tourist facilities, such as the Maritime Terminal of Passengers, the Ceará Aquarium and the Fish Market. These projects meet the ideas of "requalification" of central urban areas and water fronts that have already been realized in other cities around the world, such as those experienced in the experiences of American cities, the Iberian peninsula (Portugal and Spain) and the pioneering projects in Brazil. We highlight in our investigation the projects that are currently being implemented and implemented in the waterfronts and which point out a new urban proposal for the city of Fortaleza. We find through the research that investments in large projects are linked to urban renewal in the city of Fortaleza and are given in the production of an environment built for the interests of large private agents, which intensifies and sharpens socio-spatial disparities in the city. For the realization of a project such as Nova Beira, we identified some intentionalities related to the de-bureaucratization of the private sector's activities and changes in legal purposes in order to create new equipment or to modernize those already existing. New interventions are designed and implemented to foster the competitive insertion of the city into the global economy, generating new conflicts and forms of resistance.Doctoral Thesis Planejamento ambiental no contexto do licenciamento de parques eólicos no litoral setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2019-09-25) Mello, Mariana Torres Correia de; Amaro, Venerando Eustaquio; ; ; Duarte, Cynthia Romariz; ; Farias, Juliana Felipe; ; Aguiar, Leonlene de Sousa; ; Cestaro, Luiz Antonio;Wind energy is touted as of promising future when it refers to the Brazilian energy matrix, which is characterized as renewable, clean and, therefore, with greater environmental sustainability compared to other non-renewable sources or even other renewable as hydroelectric. Even in the face of the promulgated sustainable vision, its installation and operation aspects demonstrate an anthropic activity that causes negative environmental impacts like any other activity and drives social and environmental conflicts mainly in coastal areas. Environmental licensing is an administrative procedure that regulates these occupations, and is based on environmental studies that combine scientific research with evaluation and prediction techniques, whose objective is to present the social and environmental viability of an enterprise. The environmental licensing of the wind industry has been built over the years, as large wind farms settle in sectors with the highest energy potential, such as coastal zones, which even being Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) are still usable for public utility. Given the non- impeditive character, in the legal aspect, to the occupation of wind farms, even in PPA, the degree of importance of environmental study in the definition of social and environmental impacts, the decision-making to the implementation of the enterprise and the problem surrounding the environments of high environmental fragility, under the occupation processes of different economic sectors, and in view of the changes caused in the landscape, the concern with the planning of the territorial occupation, the regulation of the occupations on the seafront and the preservation of the integrity of the natural environments grows. For this, studies that go beyond the current context and focus on the dynamics of the area, such as multitemporal analysis, as favorable instruments for environmental planning and actions targeting, seeking greater equity between society and nature, are fundamental. Given this context, this research aimed to analyze the scenario of environmental licensing for wind farms in the context of environmental planning and directing of the decision making about new occupations. The research has shown that multitemporal landscape analysis is an efficient methodological tool for the decision- making in new occupations. The results show that environmental studies sometimes do not clearly contemplate the real environmental impacts caused by the implementation of enterprises in areas with fragile ecosystems. Even with the 2014 legislation update, that now requires more complex studies such as EIA/RIMA, it is recommended an improvement in their quality, adoption of methodological procedures, community involvement, standardization of attributes and consideration of new attributes by the environmental agency. The research presented a methodological proposal for Environmental Impact Assessment and brought guidelines and suggestions that the environmental agency, entrepreneur and other actors involved in the process can take into consideration in the pre-licensing, licensing and post-licensing of wind projectsDoctoral Thesis Espaço geográfico e criminologia: topologia da segurança versus topologia do crime - uma análise da gestão de segurança do território e roubo a bancos no Nordeste(2019-12-13) Silva, Wellington Clay Porcino; Silva, Aldo Aloisio Dantas da; ; ; Godoy, Luiz Roberto Ungaretti de; ; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; Macêdo, José Antonio Fernandes de; ; Nonato Júnior, Raimundo;Public security is today one of the major national problems, and among the main crimes that have the greatest impact on the population is bank robbery. This occurs due not only to the violence that is inherent to it, but also to the direct impact of such crime on the ordinary activities on small towns’ populations, especially of Brazilian Northeast Region. These people are forced to go to distant towns for the simplest activities, due to the great importance of banking services that characterizes the technical period scientific informational. We will analyze how the main actors involved, police forces, criminal organizations and banking network manages the territory. Our analysis will take place on the geographic cut composed by the states of Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará, and it will aim to identify the characteristics of the geographic space studied that impacts directly on the high incidence of such crime. We will use as a theoretical basis the concept of Milton Santos' geographic space and the foundations of environmental criminology, in order to point out public policy actions that make repression of such crime more effective. It is noteworthy that the efficiency of such policies is closely linked to geographical analysis, since, as demonstrated throughout this paper, the logic of the spatial practices of each of the above actors, as well as their conflicts, is determinant in materiality of the studied phenomenon. So, this conclusion cannot be disregarded during the formulation of security policies.Doctoral Thesis Território, técnica e eletrificação: as novas configurações do circuito espacial de produção de energia elétrica no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil(2019-12-05) Araújo, Marcos Antônio Alves de; Azevedo, Francisco Fransualdo de; ; ; Caetano, Adryane Gorayeb Nogueira; ; Castilho, Denis; ; Barbosa, Jane Roberta de Assis; ; Macedo, Luziene Dantas de; ; Costa, Maria Helena Braga e Vaz da;The current expansion of the informational-scientific-technical environment has generated a crescent demand for mega-scale electric energy production, especially from unconventional renewable sources such as wind, solar and biomass energy. The search for new sources occurs since the 1970 decade, due to the international energetic geopolitics reorganization triggered by the following reasons: 1) the oil shocks and its negative impacts on the economies of importing countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); 2) private and public investments to the discovery and advancement of new electric energy transmission and generation technologies; 3) socio-environmental risks involving the use of some traditional sources like thermonuclear energy; 4) the emergence of environmental questions and its transformation in market business. In this sense, new regions have been specializing in energy production by using renewable energetic potential available in their environment and became important niches of surplus-value extraction. In Brazil, a country that has its energy matrix predominantly based in the hydraulic source, the execution of electric energy generation projects based on the use of wind energy has made the subspaces of its national territory, historically demanding for electricity, to also become providers like the case of the Rio Grande do Norte state. In recent years, the abundant wind potential available in the aforementioned state has attracted international and national investors, resulting in an increase of its installed electric capacity from 17 MW in 2003 to 4.491 MW in 2018, of which 85,8% are produced by the wind source. This capacity, when converted to generation, reversed the historical position of this state in the Northeastern subsystem of the Brazilian National Interconnected System (SIN), going from importer-consumer to producer-consumer-exporter. Currently, the state is self-sufficient in electric energy, exporting (on average) 64,3% of its produced surplus of which 58,9% are wind energy. In this new setting context, the state’s electric material base was amplified and renovated via the installation of new generating units, substations, transmission lines, among other items. Furthermore, the studies of Energy Geography performed by Max Sorre (1948; 1967), Pierre George (1952) and Gerald Manners (1964), inspired the objective of this study, which is to comprehend the new settings of electric energy production in the state of Rio Grande do Norte by the corporate use of its territory for the wind energy subcircuit. Consequently, the spatial circuit of production theory, based on the Marxian intellectual tradition and on the thinking of geographer Milton Santos. The obtained results conducted the ratification of the thesis that the wind energy subcircuit implementation in Rio Grande do Norte has occurred from the productive, normative and technical expansion of the national electric macrosystem in the state, and of its oligopolization, foreignization and financialization, resulted from the merger and concentration of capital and the electric sector denationalization via processes of company and domestic assets acquisition by big international economic groups which majorly controls the generation, distribution and commercialization segments of energy. Those groups are also taking control of the transmission segment. Finally, the conclusion is that a process of expansion of national spaces in the international economy, once observed by professor Milton Santos in Brazil, is now happening in the geographical environment of Rio Grande do Norte through electric energy.Master Thesis Indicadores de vulnerabilidade e percepção do risco de alagamentos: estudo de caso no município de Macau/RN - Brasil(2019-11-25) Silva, Elza Edimara Soares da; Almeida, Lutiane Queiroz de; ; ; Troleis, Adriano Lima; ; Oliveira, Francisca Leiliane Sousa de;The objective of this research was to develop indicators that could measure the perception, coping and adaptive capacity of residents of the urban headquarters of the municipality of Macau / RN. As a guiding reference for all research, we used the methodology of Oliveira (2018), which was based on the methodology developed by the UNU-EHS (Institute for Environment and Human Security), in the World Risk Index, through four components: exposure, susceptibility, coping and adaptive capacity. After adapting the methodology to the scale required for the analysis of the study area, the data were spatially mapped, enabling the construction of the vulnerability index for the site. As a case study, this methodology was applied in the urban area of Macau / RN. The Indexes can assist in decision-making by public managers about the constant flooding and flooding in the region, as well as empowering the population with knowledge of the vulnerability situation in which they operate. It also exposes a methodology that can contribute to the development of risk management actions as well as disaster prevention. Thus, work with local indicators follows the logic of prioritizing site-specific information, facilitating the organization of data in a single location that can serve to understand site priorities as well as community care formulation, more strength to assist in decision-making for both disaster preparedness / prevention and sustainable community development.Doctoral Thesis A dinâmica comercial nos eixos viários de Campina Grande(2019-09-17) Batista, Péricles Alves; Costa, Ademir Araújo da; ; ; Beserra, Fábio Ricardo Silva; ; Morais, Ione Rodrigues Diniz; ; Diniz, Lincoln da Silva; ; Gomes, Rita de Cássia da Conceição;This work is the result of research on the main roads of commerce expansion in Campina Grande, Paraíba. The objective is to understand the restructuring of commerce in the main roads of Campina Grande, from the perspective of space production. The study was based on the Theory of Space Production, created by the philosopher Henri Lefebvre, from the perspective of social relations that occurred in space. Our study intends to present reflections about our object of study based on this theory. This thesis assumes that the peripheral commercial expansionism, which occurs for beyond the Central Area of Campina Grande in direction of the commercial axes, had spread tertiary activities (from 1999 to 2019) and had helped to structure the local socio-spatial dynamics. It was studied the changes that triggered the production of urban space, by the roads that had residential characteristics, but which underwent intense reformulations, becoming commercial axesin this period. As methodological procedures, it was conducted a survey in the following commercial axes: Manoel Gonçalves Guimarães;Floriano Peixoto; Severino Bezerra Cabral; Manoel Tavares and Assis Chateaubriand. Considering the commercial restructuring, the changes in space occur with the decentralization process, which has intensified since the installation of external capital commercial in these trade axes, changing their functions, uses and social composition.Doctoral Thesis A produção do espaço geográfico e o turismo: texturas, polifonia e interditos na Costa do Dendê, Bahia(2019-11-20) Epifania, Anderson Gomes da; Costa, Maria Helena Braga e Vaz da; Azevedo, Francisco Fransualdo de; ; ; ; Pereira, Alexandre Queiroz; ; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; Fonseca, Maria Aparecida Pontes da; ; Henrique, Wendel;This work deals with the process of production of geographic space and tourism in Costa do Dendê, Bahia, Brazil, having as the central discussion the debate about textures, polyphonies and interdictions within this process. The theoretical framework in this thesis is based in with Lefebvre’s theory on the reading of the production of space process and its conceived/ perceived/ lived triad. This discussion refers to space as a product of the reproduction of life and of the capitalist production in terms of an uneven and combined development; a theme that involves conceptions and actions about geographical space and which confers values, regarding Marx’s perspective on the use and the exchange of value. In this case, tourism planning has direct consequences on how this activity is reproduced in its materialities, uses and appropriations, and even presents, from the reading of the uneven geographic development, other possible achievements in space and their materiality/practices and isotopic/heterotopic/utopian uses, being loaded with intentionality, as presented in the Costa do Dendê. Based on this assumption, the Costa do Dendê’s region presents a vast field for the analysis of material and social morphologies present in the process of (re)production of the geographical space, of which the tourism is part; enabling through the experiences present in this universe of analysis, (re) think planning and actions that address social justice. The starting point of the debate is the recognition of the diversity that makes up the geographical space (and its production) in its multiple scales, which in the case study of Costa do Dendê permeates the regional and the municipal and it is about the tourism. This thesis’ chapters refer to the triadic movement to analyze the process of producing space in Costa do Dendê, passing through the analysis of the process of valorization of space, mediated by the exchange / use / value relationship; culminating in the analysis of the spatial instances (conceived / perceived / lived), directing the analyzes of how the (re) production of Costa do Dendê has been taking place, as well as the projection of scenarios, contextualized through discussions about isotopy, heterotopia and utopia. From the path taken, the question was answered: on what basis is the tourism performed in the process of production the geographical space of Costa do Dendê? What are the possibilities concerning actions which are directed to the heterotopic plan, regarding uneven geographical development? Through the analysis now presented, the thesis was confirmed that such activity, in its entirety in the process of production of geographic space, reproduces cohesion in different morphologies and appropriations, configuring isotopes, heterotopias and the possibilities of transformation by the human capacity to project others futures, expressed in the different logics of planning and reflection of such practices in the plan of life, of encounters and disagreements between tourists and indigenous people, of state and business action. These readings were performed through the observation of isotopic, heterotopic and utopian materiality’s and practices, which follow, respectively, unitary and diverse logics, directly linked to capitalist action and social reproduction; an approach contextualized here with the study of the tourism in Costa do Dendê’s region.Doctoral Thesis Território, Estado e política de irrigação: uma leitura a partir das técnicas, normas e configurações espaciais no Rio Grande do Norte(2019-08-27) Silva, Rafael Pereira da; Azevedo, Francisco Fransualdo de; ; ; Suberviola, Enrique Viana; ; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; Morais, Hugo Arruda de; ; Silva Filho, Raimundo Inácio da;The process of expansion of typically capitalist agriculture in the Brazilian countryside is summarily marked by actions engendered by the state, which have as their central axes credit policies, the stimulation of the adoption of technological packages, the delimitation and consolidation of areas specialized in commodity production, aiming at Brazil's increasing insertion in the international division of labor. Among the policies anchored in these guidelines, the Política Nacional de Irrigação (1979) should be highlighted, which had as one of its main developments the installation of public irrigation projects (irrigated perimeters), which constituted one of the main mechanisms for Northeast in the hall of modern agricultural activities, especially from the production of irrigated fruits. Based on these assumptions, this thesis aims to understand how in the current historical period the materialities and actions associated with the creation and dynamics of irrigated perimeters have been constituted as a (re) defining element in the agricultural uses of the potiguar territory. From the theoretical point of view the reflections undertaken here are aligned with the conceptual system proposed in Milton Santos' work, especially with the concepts of space, technique and norms, these imbricated the notion of used territory. Regarding the methodology used for the construction of this work, it is worth mentioning the effort to build matrices of events and norms associated with the reality under analysis, despite the elaboration of cartographic products through which the location of water engineering systems is presented and if spatializes the use of irrigation techniques. The field work carried out in the five existing irrigated perimeters in the state is also an important methodological strategy, because through this it was possible to observe the particularities and similarities between the different irrigation projects, although all result from the same policy. The reflections undertaken show that the use of irrigation systems has a punctual nature and selective character, attributes that become more acute as a result of irrigated agriculture being a densely standardized activity. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the implementation of public irrigation projects was able to produce fractions of the territory with structural similarities and distinctions as to the forms of appropriation and use of it, since the irrigated perimeters created in the 1970s, although dynamic and economically important. For the municipalities, today they are eminently used as shelter, being the place of residence, work and socialization of the families of DNOCS land settlers who, even with the irrigation disuse, remained in the plots and areas corresponding to the perimeters. In the Distrito Irrigado do Baixo-Açu, it is verified that the use of the territory is actually given as a resource, given the production and market logic that characterizes it, even though its production is basically intended to supply the local and regional market.