Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia
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Doctoral Thesis Território, Estado e política de irrigação: uma leitura a partir das técnicas, normas e configurações espaciais no Rio Grande do Norte(2019-08-27) Silva, Rafael Pereira da; Azevedo, Francisco Fransualdo de; ; ; Suberviola, Enrique Viana; ; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; Morais, Hugo Arruda de; ; Silva Filho, Raimundo Inácio da;The process of expansion of typically capitalist agriculture in the Brazilian countryside is summarily marked by actions engendered by the state, which have as their central axes credit policies, the stimulation of the adoption of technological packages, the delimitation and consolidation of areas specialized in commodity production, aiming at Brazil's increasing insertion in the international division of labor. Among the policies anchored in these guidelines, the Política Nacional de Irrigação (1979) should be highlighted, which had as one of its main developments the installation of public irrigation projects (irrigated perimeters), which constituted one of the main mechanisms for Northeast in the hall of modern agricultural activities, especially from the production of irrigated fruits. Based on these assumptions, this thesis aims to understand how in the current historical period the materialities and actions associated with the creation and dynamics of irrigated perimeters have been constituted as a (re) defining element in the agricultural uses of the potiguar territory. From the theoretical point of view the reflections undertaken here are aligned with the conceptual system proposed in Milton Santos' work, especially with the concepts of space, technique and norms, these imbricated the notion of used territory. Regarding the methodology used for the construction of this work, it is worth mentioning the effort to build matrices of events and norms associated with the reality under analysis, despite the elaboration of cartographic products through which the location of water engineering systems is presented and if spatializes the use of irrigation techniques. The field work carried out in the five existing irrigated perimeters in the state is also an important methodological strategy, because through this it was possible to observe the particularities and similarities between the different irrigation projects, although all result from the same policy. The reflections undertaken show that the use of irrigation systems has a punctual nature and selective character, attributes that become more acute as a result of irrigated agriculture being a densely standardized activity. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the implementation of public irrigation projects was able to produce fractions of the territory with structural similarities and distinctions as to the forms of appropriation and use of it, since the irrigated perimeters created in the 1970s, although dynamic and economically important. For the municipalities, today they are eminently used as shelter, being the place of residence, work and socialization of the families of DNOCS land settlers who, even with the irrigation disuse, remained in the plots and areas corresponding to the perimeters. In the Distrito Irrigado do Baixo-Açu, it is verified that the use of the territory is actually given as a resource, given the production and market logic that characterizes it, even though its production is basically intended to supply the local and regional market.Doctoral Thesis Internacionalização e agricultura: a fruticultura tropical no Rio Grande do Norte no contexto da mundialização(2018-06-29) Andrade, Alexandre Alves de; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; ; Barbosa, Jane Roberta de Assis; ; Santos, Josefa de Lisboa; ; Gomes, Rita de Cássia da Conceição; ; Nardoque, Sedeval;Internationalization is an element of the economy’s globalization process, acting in an increasing pace and intensity on the promotion and selective integration of territories. In agriculture, the explanations to this economic, political and geographical phenomenon is on the productive (re)organization of the territory, demanding new agricultural uses based on the commodities production. Our aim is to understand Rio Grande do Norte’s internationalization, from tropical fruit farming, in the context of globalization. This study is focused on the melon, cashew nut, banana, papaya and pineapple crops, intending to cover different productive segments of fruit farming. Therefore, based on the assumption that the production of fruits in Rio Grande do Norte is an activity intended to regional markets’ food supply, mostly, European Union and North America, established with external transactions of standardization and control of food producer markets and the connection between production and consumption through a complex network in the movement of capital and goods in discontinuous territories. It is, then, possible to assess that the dynamics of Rio Grande do Norte’s fruit farming is characterized by agriculture internationalization from the changing on the core countries’ food safety understanding, controlling the food global markets, standardized by the imposition of good agricultural practices protocols.Master Thesis Entre o urbano e o rural: uma análise da periurbanização na região metropolitana de Natal-RN(2018-05-30) Campos, Jaqueline de Arruda; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; ; Borges, Amadja Henrique; ; Rodrigues, Leandro Paiva do Monte;The studies concerning the urban theme are widely discussed in the Humanities and Social Sciences, leading, as a result, to a variety of analyses. However, what we have observed is that a considerable part of these urban studies have been developed thinking the urbanization as a phenomenon restricted to the perimeters of cities or metropolitan areas demarcated administratively, and not as a process which pervades these political-administrative boundaries and modifies all the relations between what is conventionally called countryside and city. There is the predominance of a dichotomous view between the countryside and the city, which considers the city completely urban and the countryside entirely rural. However, against this vision, there are the peri-urban areas which are designed as those where there is an intense coexistence of rural and urban elements, in addition to the existence of too many conflicts due to the diversity of activities present in these locations. In this perspective, the present research aims to understand the peri-urbanization in the Metropolitan Region of Natal (MRN), located in the State of Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, identifying their areas of occurrence, highlighting their peculiarities, as well as their causes and consequences. For this, besides the bibliographical review, it was conducted an analysis of satellite images from the MRN along with the data on the situation of the census sectors of the information base of the Demographic Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics – IBGE (2011). In addition, it was performed some field work on the MRN with interviews and questionnaires to the residents in order to examine the strategies of use and occupation of the soil, discuss how the capital has reproduced itself and investigate the consequences of the peri-urbanization, considering the allocation of the infrastructure and public services in these areas. As a result, we noticed that the areas of consolidated urbanization of the MRN have a higher development level while in rural areas the level is lower, and in the peri-urban areas the level is intermediate compared to the rural and urban areas. Finally, it is concluded that this whole process of analysis of the peri-urban areas of the MRN was extremely important to the Urban Planning since it highlights the necessity for urban development beyond the consolidated urban area and which gets to the peri-urban and rural areas in a equal and proper way to the social reality of the place, searching for a beneficial integration between both areas and braking the rapid urban expansion which sterilizes the diversity of spaces.Master Thesis O uso do território e o sistema técnico eólio-energético: coexistências, conflitos e solidariedades com os assentamentos rurais de reforma agrária no Rio Grande do Norte(2018-04-30) Barros, Luis Felipe Fernandes; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; ; Barbosa, Jane Roberta de Assis; ; Nardoque, Sedeval;Until 18th century, there was a common trait to all World: absence of electrical energy. With the advent of this new technique, the way human beings lived changed completely, requiring the creation of a set of strategies to keep stability of supply and demand. Upon the first signs of exhaustion of traditional energy sources in the world, debates about the need for “renewable” energy sources emerged. Soon arose a territorial split of work, presenting a clear relationship between potentialities offered by the ecological environment and availability of techniques to use them. Brazil, with huge hydroelectric potential, has been investing massively in this power source since the 30s of past century. And, since the beginning of 21st century, wind energy investment has grown exponentially. In the State of Rio Grande do Norte, electricity generation by wind power has advanced significantly and, nowadays, the state produces 3.4Gw, adding up to 27% of nacional eolic production. Therefore, this study intends to understand solidarities and conflicts arising from the coexistence of wind power activities and land reformation rural settlements in potiguar lands. Some specific questions will also be addressed, highlighting: the relationship between modernity and power demand; the formation of Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN); Rio Grande do Norte’s situation within SIN-Brasil, from consumer to self-sufficient state; the spatial distribution of wind power plants across the state and it’s consequences in land reformation settlements. To address these questions, methodologies included bibliographic surveys, guided interviews, visitation to 45 (forty five) pre-selected locations across the state, including photographic register of a wide range of arrangements. Field reports described in this study reveal frustration of communities surounding the power plants, broken promises, loss of the right to the suroundings, repression of movement, but also benefits in each place through the development of multiple projects and actions in rural potiguar environment. It’s mandatory to state that these are enterprises involved in a complex articulation network between the private and political sectors, with a sleek and persuasive speech, where local population bear restricted deciding power. Yet, this activity is presented as a keystone to Rio Grande do Norte’s development through energetic self-sufficiency.Master Thesis Uso corporativo do território e "facções" de costura: a reorganização espacial do setor de confecções de artigos do vestuário no Rio Grande do Norte(2018-03-21) Galindo, Leonardo da Silva; Azevedo, Francisco Fransualdo de; ; ; Barbosa, Jane Roberta de Assis; ; Arroyo, Maria Mônica;From the 2000s, the use of the territory by the apparel sector garnered new impetus in Rio Grande do Norte (RN) through the dissemination of establishments and jobs to municipalities in the interior of the state. Since 2013 with the creation of the Program of Interior Industrialization (Pro-Sertão), this dynamic is accentuated at the same time as the number of jobs in the Metropolitan Region of Natal (RMN) decreased. On the other hand, the establishments located in the interior only perform the garment sewing stage, being subordinated to the industries located in the NMR. Thus, our general objective is to understand how the corporate use of territory evidenced by sewing "factions" and programs such as Pró-Sertão contributes to the spatial reorganization of the garment industry in Rio Grande do Norte. The methodological procedures used involve bibliographical research, collection and systematization of secondary data and fieldwork. From the latter, primary data were produced involving 66 sewing factions in 15 municipalities of all mesoregions of the state. The analysis reveals that the RN participates in the territorial division of industrial labor in Brazil from the production of garments in relation to the supply of cheap labor in relation to the South and Southeast, and by the existence of a normative apparatus that stimulates the growth of the sector. The largest industries, located in the RMN, in a process of organizational change began to outsource the sewing stage to smaller productive units located in the interior of the state, in order to reduce costs with investments and costs related to maintenance of the workforce. This process is based on the constitution of the corporate use of the territory, from which various agents in organizational solidarity each play a specific role in the realization of the interests of the great industries, which control the whole productive process. The typology and topology of the sewing factions show a greater density of companies and diversity of types in Jardim do Seridó, São José do Seridó and Parelhas. The greater dynamism of the activity in Seridó potiguar is related to the smaller possibilities of access to formal employment, especially in small municipalities, where there is an expressive reserve army of labor available to be exploited in the sewing factions. In this context, the opening of factions allowed a greater economic dynamics in part of Seridó and the increase in the supply of jobs, so that the spatial reorganization of economic activity led to a process of productive specialization, with places where more than half of the population with formal employment works in the clothing sector. In Agreste and Eastern Potiguar, the proximity to Natal and Parnamirim and the existence of a public transport network allows the population of its municipalities greater possibilities of access to formal employment, which explains a lower incidence and the less dynamism of the sewing factions . In Natal and Parnamirim, the price of land and labor costs (transport and food) led to a decline in the number of factions.Master Thesis Território e reforma agrária no Rio Grande do Norte(2017-04-12) Segundo, Maxione do Nascimento França; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; ; Costa, João Bosco Araújo da; ; Nardoque, Sedeval;Historically marked by differences social, land ownership concentration and struggle for land, the State of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) still preserves its agrarian trajectory as contradictory inheritances of exclusion in the countryside. Add to that the actions established by the State, about the implementation of the agrarian reform policy, not much progress in the sense of allowing, first, the end of the monopoly of private property and then ensure the democratization access to land and restructuring of territorial dynamics in the State Potiguar. Being the agrarian reform an instrument able of ensure the social justice, the citizenship and better living conditions in the countryside, if fully implemented. We aim to analyze at a public policy from conception to execution, with emphasis on the process of implantation of the rural settlements, in the land structure, as well as, the socioeconomic results for families in rural areas. In this perspective, the results of the research permeate the discussion of the agrarian reform policy in Rio Grande do Norte from analyzes that evidence: a constitution of social movements and a territorialization of the struggle for agrarian reform; the institutional discontinuities that marked in its execution; the feasibility of the plots of rural settlements implemented; their impacts on the State and Municipal land loop and; the capacity of public policy in to guarantee social, economic and political autonomy for a demanding rural population. For that, the methodological method adopted grouped qualitative and quantitative procedures. Starting from extensive research and bibliographical review, in which, we seek to systematize theoretical presuppositions that deal with the use of the territory, the struggle for land and agrarian reform as a public policy. In addition, was performed the collection and compilation of secondary research data with the aim of representing - of space and time - the results of agrarian reform in the RN. Finally, the search results show that, despite the progress made, at all times of the agrarian question Potiguar, the agrarian reform policy was be implemented superficially and discontinued. It was not able to enable significant restructuring of the local land structure, neither nor did it allow the rural workers benefited to have guaranteed their full socioeconomic autonomy.Doctoral Thesis Usos do território e rede urbana potiguar(2017-09-29) Tavares, Edseisy Silva Barbalho; Silva, Aldo Aloisio Dantas da; ; ; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; Gomes, Rita de Cássia da Conceição; ; Silva, Adriana Maria Bernardes da; ; Sposito, Maria Encarnação Beltrão;Master Thesis Circuito espacial da produção têxtil no Seridó Potiguar: as especificidades do ramo de artefatos domésticos(2017-03-17) Azevedo, Igor Rasec Batista de; Azevedo, Francisco Fransualdo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2719998085102847; Locatel, Celso Donizete; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2047387364725653; Pereira Júnior, Magno Vasconcelos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3071957574064244The production of textile artifacts is spatially distributed in the state of Rio Grande do Norte in a way that it is concentrated in the metropolitan area of Natal and in the Seridó Potiguar region. The later houses 49% of the total of production units of the State, with emphasis on the domestic utensils field (FIERN, 2017). The activity is likewise concentrated within the region itself, especially in its western half, in the municipalities of Caicó, Currais Novos and Jardim de Piranhas. Their productive structure is based on obsolete techniques and technologies, with the origin of the capital being local or regional and intensive use of cheap and low-skilled labour. In view of the above, the present study has as central question: how can an activity with the characteristics of the production of textile artefacts in Seridó Potiguar be successfully inserted in the current dynamics of spatial circuits of production and, moreover, coexist with the hegemonic technical systems of planetary order? Therefore, the aim is to analyze the use of the territory by the spatial circuit of textile production, with emphasis on the production of domestic utensils, through its processes, dynamics and content in the region of the Seridó Potiguar. For the development of the research, a bibliographical review was carried out, mainly from Andrade (1981), Arroyo (2008), Azevedo (2007, 2013), Barrios (2014), Castillo and Frederico (2010), Furtado (1969), Marx (1990, 2011), Moraes (1984), Santos (2012) and Silveira (2010b). Furthermore, some theoretical and methodological procedures were adopted to collect and systematize data, based on the techniques of documentary research, field research - in which interviews were executed based on semi-structured scripts and forms - articulated with a spatial descriptive statistical baseline. It was determined, through the research, that in the spatial of production of textile artefacts in Seridó Potiguar, the raw material flow derives mainly from the Northeast region itself, materializing the existence of a monopoly, in these assets supply, controlled by companies from Ceará with subsidiaries in Rio Grande do Norte. The machine's productive consumption flow and equipment comes exclusively from the Concentrated Region, notably from São Paulo. Conversely, the consumptive consumption is markedly sprayed, embracing mainly the Northeast and, in a lesser extent, the North and Southeast region. It was possible to conclude that the circulation process is completely alienated, considering that local companies have a relative capacity of production, however, as they occupy subaltern positions in the territory, they do not own market power to hold their control, awarding themselves the middlemen action. In this field, the places vertical union overlaps to a great extent to the horizontal links with the productive use of the Seridó Potiguar territory. Considering that the low social and productive cohesion between the textile field agents verified in the mentioned cut by means of the absent, to a certain extent, of the State, as a public policies promoter, and in detriment of the development of the activity itself in the region. The shy initiatives of the Public Power insists on thinking about the productive branches in isolation, and not the territory used as a whole, when they do not arbitrarily transfer their role to the corporative interests.Doctoral Thesis O Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida no Rio Grande do Norte: uma análise comparativa da habitação popular em contextos urbanos distintos(2017-05-30) Nascimento, Eduardo Alexandre do; Costa, Ademir Araújo da; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8382380271380702; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0826568876696395; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2047387364725653; Gomes, Rita de Cássia da Conceição; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3188665123953039; Melazzo, Everaldo Santos; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5123023776386296; Holanda, Virginia Célia Cavalcante de; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9956987624407961The production of the built environment on a large scale, in the form of villas, promoted by the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), has generated a set of positive and negative results in several cities of Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Among these results it is possible to highlight the transformation of the landscape and the configuration of urban spaces; the dynamisation of the economy and generation of jobs; the implications about the housing shortage and living conditions of low-income families; and a series of problems sociospatial such as, real-estate speculation, the rising price of land and housing, towards suburban areas, residential segregation and the level of indebtedness of low-income families. Before the extension of the clipping space defined a priori (the territory of the RN), the large heterogeneity of its urban and bounces unequal of the Program in the territory, we chose to arrange it in three cutouts smaller spaces to better operationalize the research from the methodological point of view: the Região Metropolitana de Natal (RMN), Mossoró, in the particular condition of the average city and the smaller towns of the state. The definition of such cutouts is a methodological tool developed with a twofold objective: 1) to work around the large heterogeneity of the urban of the state, putting a significant variety of cities with common characteristics within the cutouts larger spatial and more homogeneous, in order to operationalize better the development of the analysis on a large universe of empirical situations; 2) demonstrate how the Program spatializes, with their results and contradictions, in the different form in each set of cities, leading to consequences sociospatial, exceedingly varied. This highlights the power quota of the pre-existing conditions of each urban context the site, while important determinant of the results of the Program in the RN and defines, therefore, the hypothesis of the thesis proposal of this work. This posits that each of these cutouts is not a mere reflection of reality, they interfere in the social processes as a whole, and, therefore, on the core aspects of the Program, such as in the predominance of the type of income range; in the value of housing; the location of the enterprises; on the type of financing for acquisition of housing; the quantity of the enterprises; on the results of the reduction of the housing deficit; and in the structural quality and aesthetics of buildings and settlements. Thus, the central goal of the present work is to analyze the process and the results of the uneven development of PMCMV on the urban reality of the RN, from the influence of the contents of the particular three urban typologies distinct. In order to reach this goal we have opted for the combination of methodological approaches related to theoretical and secondary data collection, emphasizing essentially the character and the general aspects of the object in the screen, and methodological approaches of empirical-quantitative, focusing on the collection of hard data in place, in order to provide tangible information, essential to the understanding of the materialization of unequal PMCMV in the framework of urban RN.Master Thesis As redes de pesquisa do setor de petróleo e gás natural no Norte e Nordeste: os rebatimentos das redes coordenadas pela UFRN na CT&I do Rio Grande do Norte(2017-03-31) Oliveira, Arlindo Figueirôa Escobar Teixeira de; Furtado, Edna Maria; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1736544336799382; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8701918879938172; Lima, João Policarpo Rodrigues; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2889563456428123; Rego, José Ivonildo do; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8764140247078923The Cooperative Networks for Research, Innovation and Technology Transfer of the Oil and Natural Gas Sector in the North and Northeast Regions (N/NE Networks) were created after the promulgation of the Petroleum Law, through the CT-Petro CNPq/ Finep 03/2011 , in order to produce Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I), and to train qualified human resources in the area of Oil and Gas (O&G), meeting the sector's demands in the North and Northeast federative units, directing resources for infrastructure, research grants, also articulating researchers from different institutions and companies in both regions. Of the 13 N/NE Networks formed, three were led by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Considering that the three N/NE Networks coordinated by UFRN caused refutations in the ST&I of the federative units of the North and Northeast regions, the present research has as central question: which are the refutations of the three N/NE Networks coordinated by UFRN in STI in the Rio Grande do Norte? Based on the hypothesis that these three N/NE Networks consolidated ST&I competences in the O&G area in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. We chose to analyze the impacts of the respective public policy of STI in Rio Grande do Norte, precisely because it is the main oil producing state in the North and Northeast, because it is there that the nodes of the three N/NE Networks are located and, consequently, as the place where the impacts were most intense. In order to solve the proposed central issue, we adopted some methodological procedures, in which we highlight: the bibliographical survey through academic works that approached the research networks, public policies of ST&I, O&G sector of Rio Grande do Norte and Networks N/NE; The field surveys at UFRN, campus Natal, where we visited the facilities expanded and built through resources from the N/NE Networks and other ST &I policies in the O&G area, in addition to conducting interviews with pre-structured scripts with the leaders of the three N/NE Networks and with other important actors; We use of ArcGIS 10.3 software to demonstrate the initial spatial configurations of the N/NE Networks and their successive reconfigurations; Secondary data collection through the Lattes Platform and the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), about the scientific, technological and innovative production of the participants of the three N/NE Networks inserted in the UFRN, with the purpose of measuring and analyzing the policy in Rio Grande do Norte. In general terms, the results showed that the three N/NE Networks produced ST&I and formed human resources in the state during the ten years of the policy, and that even after its end, researchers continue to develop such activities using the laboratories acquired and the knowledge obtained. Finally, we highlight that the three N NE Networks led by UFRN consolidated ST&I competencies in the O&G area in Rio Grande do Norte, considering that before to the Petroleum Law, none of the UFRN researchers who participated in the N/NE studied the O&G sector, and between its promulgation and the announcement, most of them were still starting their work in the area, but without adequate laboratories, articulations with researchers from other institutions and interactions with the productive sector.