Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia
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Doctoral Thesis O uso agrícola do território no Rio Grande do Norte: da agroecologia à agricultura orgânica(2019-08-23) Andrade, Vanessa de Cássia Tavares; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; ; Hespanhol, Antonio Nivaldo; ; Brasil, Deusimar Freire; ; Nonato Júnior, Raimundo; ; Nardoque, Sedeval;Currently, science, technique and information control the production, use of objects and determine actions and standards. Technical objects have an important role to fulfill, since they are created to accomplish determined tasks in addition to carrying intentionality. In this regard, the certification of organic production revealed the strategies adopted by hegemonic agents to produce and reproduce capital widely, selectively and unequally through the speeches of environmental preservation and protection of the agroecological agricultural practices. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the different uses of the territory of Rio Grande do Norte based on practices of agroecology and organic agriculture in terms of technical-scientific and informational progress. In addition, it is intended to reflect on how the standardizations imposed by the State, companies and international organizations contribute to the exclusion of small farmers and hamper the implementation of agroecological proposals and actions. The standardization of organic production is harmful to non-hegemonic agents, since it is selective and exclude small farmers who do not have enough financial capital to meet such regulation. Although successful experiences were performed based on agroecological practices, many products that are available in the industry as agroecological are actually organic agricultural products, which are identified by consumers through a certification seal. In order to assess the different agricultural uses of the territory of Rio Grande do Norte, a bibliographic analysis was adopted as methodological procedure using secondary and primary data, which was gathered through interviews conducted with the subjects involved in the problem under discussion. The analysis of the Rio Grande do Norte territory's different uses by agroecology and organic agriculture contributed to understand how the agroecological discourse has been appropriated by capital and commercialized through organic agriculture, which has been characterized as a niche of capital expansion. In conclusion, the State ensures the conditions for the capital to create and recreate strategies for its expanded production and reproduction.Master Thesis Uso do território e a questão fundiária quilombola em Sergipe(2019-03-15) Conceição, Hericondio Santos; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; ; Morais, Hugo Arruda de; ; Santos, Josefa de Lisboa;El artículo 68 del Acto de las Disposiciones Constitucionales Transitorias de 1988 y los Artículos 215 y 216 de la Constitución Federal consisten en las primeras normas dirigidas a la garantía de los derechos étnicos y territoriales de las comunidades quilombolas. Para su efectividad, tales instrumentos vienen siendo regulados por decretos más detallados y específicos, que definen el papel de los órganos estatales en el proceso de titulación de los territorios quilombolas, lo que es objeto de disputas políticas que involucran intereses contrarios a los derechos de las comunidades. La territorialización de la Política de Regularización de los Territorios Quilombolas en Sergipe tiene como característica el desencadenamiento / acrecimiento de una serie de conflictos protagonizados por diversos sectores de la sociedad como, por ejemplo, el Estado, madereras, constructoras, mineras, hacendados, contra las comunidades quilombolas. Esta divergencia de intereses viene dificultando la efectividad del derecho al uso del territorio por las comunidades quilombolas, a través de estrategias que desencadenan más conflictos. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación, adoptamos una metodología en la que partimos de las comunidades quilombolas autodeclaradas y certificadas por la Fundación Palmares, al mismo tiempo trabajamos con comunidades que tuvieron su proceso de regularización iniciado por el INCRA (Instituto Nacional de Colonización y Reforma Agraria) RTID (Informe Técnico de Identificación y Delimitación). Los RTIDs nos dan una caracterización general de las comunidades, como número de familias, municipio de localización, área destinada a la comunidad entre otras informaciones. A partir del número de familias y del área destina, pudimos establecer un paralelo con la política de Reforma Agraria. A partir de esa asociación entre la Política de Regularización de los Territorios Quilombolas y la Política de Reforma Agraria, identificamos que las tierras disponibles para comunidades quilombolas en Sergipe están muy por debajo de un módulo fiscal, dificultando la reproducción digna de esas comunidades. En tiempo, esa investigación permitió reconocer los conflictos y las territorialidades, marcadas por el sentimiento de grupo y de identidad entre los quilombolas. Esta investigación está basada en la teoría del espacio geográfico como totalidad, y su operacionalización toma como punto de partida la idea de que el uso del territorio es regido por el sistema normativo, el cual se origina del actual sistema técnico del territorio como norma.Master Thesis O uso do território e o sistema técnico eólio-energético: coexistências, conflitos e solidariedades com os assentamentos rurais de reforma agrária no Rio Grande do Norte(2018-04-30) Barros, Luis Felipe Fernandes; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; ; Barbosa, Jane Roberta de Assis; ; Nardoque, Sedeval;Until 18th century, there was a common trait to all World: absence of electrical energy. With the advent of this new technique, the way human beings lived changed completely, requiring the creation of a set of strategies to keep stability of supply and demand. Upon the first signs of exhaustion of traditional energy sources in the world, debates about the need for “renewable” energy sources emerged. Soon arose a territorial split of work, presenting a clear relationship between potentialities offered by the ecological environment and availability of techniques to use them. Brazil, with huge hydroelectric potential, has been investing massively in this power source since the 30s of past century. And, since the beginning of 21st century, wind energy investment has grown exponentially. In the State of Rio Grande do Norte, electricity generation by wind power has advanced significantly and, nowadays, the state produces 3.4Gw, adding up to 27% of nacional eolic production. Therefore, this study intends to understand solidarities and conflicts arising from the coexistence of wind power activities and land reformation rural settlements in potiguar lands. Some specific questions will also be addressed, highlighting: the relationship between modernity and power demand; the formation of Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN); Rio Grande do Norte’s situation within SIN-Brasil, from consumer to self-sufficient state; the spatial distribution of wind power plants across the state and it’s consequences in land reformation settlements. To address these questions, methodologies included bibliographic surveys, guided interviews, visitation to 45 (forty five) pre-selected locations across the state, including photographic register of a wide range of arrangements. Field reports described in this study reveal frustration of communities surounding the power plants, broken promises, loss of the right to the suroundings, repression of movement, but also benefits in each place through the development of multiple projects and actions in rural potiguar environment. It’s mandatory to state that these are enterprises involved in a complex articulation network between the private and political sectors, with a sleek and persuasive speech, where local population bear restricted deciding power. Yet, this activity is presented as a keystone to Rio Grande do Norte’s development through energetic self-sufficiency.Master Thesis Contradições entre o uso do território e o fetiche do turismo na RESEX Marinha Delta do Parnaíba (PI-MA)(2018-03-23) Rocha, Ricardo Rayan Nascimento; Furtado, Edna Maria; ; ; Fonseca, Maria Aparecida Pontes da; ; Silveira, Shaiane Vargas da;The tourism phenomenon, as an economic activity that has been producing its "geographies" for its happening, has a socio-spatial dynamics that produces diverse territorialities in the use of the territory and consequently, in the geographic space. This is due to the inherently economic logic of this activity in the process of appropriation of the landscape, as well as the singularities (social, cultural, environmental, etc.) of the place for the promotion and materialization of tourism. However, although it is an activity that has been associated with the paradigm of sustainable development, that is, as an alternative in the harmonious reconciliation process between man and the environment, thinking about environmental impacts, there is a complex of contradictions to the economic structure and ideological discourse that underpins tourism. From the context presented, we aim to analyze the relationship between tourism phenomena and traditional communities regarding the use of the Marinha do Parnaíba Delta (PI-MA) RESET territory, seeking to understand contradictions in the process of local invisibilization . For this, we adopted as a methodology, a bibliographical survey of both geographic literature, as well as related areas, as well as a documentary research with primary data for the initial construction of the narrative proposed here. At the same time, we conducted semi-structured interviews with the traditional communities and ICMBio, important figures for the process of territorialization of the Marinha Delta Delta of Parnaíba. Therefore, the results obtained indicate that for the tourism phenomenon to occur in the Parnaíba Delta (PI-MA), especially in its RESEX, other uses of the territory are invisibilized, such as the extractivism of the crab tasting and artisanal fishing. That is, the use as shelter does not enter as an element in the process of tourism, to the detriment of use as a resource by Tourism. With this, we observe that the territorialisation of tourism in the Delta is exclusive and consequently contradictory, thinking of the absence of economic impacts on local development and income generation for the traditional communities of the Marinha Delta del Parnaíba (PI-MA), propagandized in the discourse of sustainable segments of tourism. This context highlights the need to rethink tourism through other perspectives, as an instrument of territorial affirmation for the communities included in the Marinha Delta Delta of Parnaíba (PI-MA) and thus, to test new possibilities for tourism in the local context.Doctoral Thesis Usos do território e rede urbana potiguar(2017-09-29) Tavares, Edseisy Silva Barbalho; Silva, Aldo Aloisio Dantas da; ; ; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; Gomes, Rita de Cássia da Conceição; ; Silva, Adriana Maria Bernardes da; ; Sposito, Maria Encarnação Beltrão;Master Thesis Território, técnica e agricultura no Rio Grande do Norte(2015-02-25) Lima, Fernanda Laize Silva de; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; ; Silva, Aldo Aloisio Dantas da; ; Silva, Anieres Barbosa da;In recent decades, Brazilian agriculture has shown a new technical and social standard production model from the increasing incorporation of new scientific and informational contents, characteristics of the current historical moment, in agricultural technical systems, process that mean by technological improvement of agriculture. However, we must emphasize the selective character that marks this process, which occurs unevenly in space and time, by favoring certain areas of the territory, agricultural products and categories of producers. In this perspective, the position we stand here, while research problem, is that while there are in Rio Grande do Norte, empirical object of research, areas that stand having higher technical levels (in science and information) in agriculture, there is a set of natural elements of the newborn, which when combined, conditioning to make particular the realization of agricultural technification process, making the state one rarefaction area that falls in a different manner in the technical and territorial divisions of the Brazilian agricultural work. From this premise, the present research was mainly aimed to analyze the process of agricultural technification in Rio Grande do Norte, in the technical-scientific-informational period, with special attention to reverberation of this process in the configuration and the agricultural use of the territory. It was developed a literature review on the use of territory and agricultural technical systems, associated with the use of secondary data, mainly obtained from the official agencies, such as IBGE, FIERN and EMPARN, as well attention at the use of specific methodological procedures of Statistics for the appropriate treatment of the data used. In addition, specific procedures of empirical research, such as conducting interviews with social agents involved in agriculture and the use of observational techniques made it possible to identify and understand the complexity of the agricultural use of Rio Grande do Norte's territory, marked by coexistences technicians and temporalities levels.Master Thesis Uso do território na Microrregião da Serra de Santana a partir da instalação de parques eólicos(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2016-03-31) Souza, Geralda Juliet Tavares de; Morais, Ione Rodrigues Diniz; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9233980341514642; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1626072214901526; Gomes, Rita de Cassia da Conceição; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3188665123953039; Silva, Anieres Barbosa da; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8641112963259245The work presented aims to analyze the use of the territory of the Serra de Santana from the deployment of wind farms. From this perspective, it attempted to describe the historical context in which this micro-region emerged as wind energy production area, considering aspects of international, national and state level; identify the discourse created by the institutions and the local society about the wind; relate the elements of space (ecological environment, men, firms and institutions) to the wind energy production in micro-regional level; evaluate the changes that activity in urban areas, considering aspects related to trade and services, and in rural areas, with regard to land ownership and land rent. Among the theoretical contributions of the research there are the approaches of Milton Santos about space and their respective elements and territory used. The methodological procedures used were bibliographical and historical research; documentary research; observation in locus and interviews. The results indicate that, from 2010, with the adoption of national investments in alternative sources of energy policy, a new use logic of the territory was included in the micro-region from the installation of wind farms. The definition of this area as wind power producer is associated with their ecological environment, especially the high altitutes that can reach up to 750 meters, which associated with the constant winds make Santana saw one of the points of Rio Grande do Norte with the greatest potential for installation of wind farms. With regard to the changes promoted by this activity in urban areas, it is emphasized that there was no expected dynamism, despite some growth in the number of shops and services. With regard to rural areas, it was not evidenced significant changes in land ownership, predominantly small properties, but the activity generated changes in land rent, which is effective for the lease for the purpose of studies and wind farm facilities. It was found also changes in labor relations, since, after the construction of wind farms, the large landowners have chosen to close partnerships with small farmers, which undermines the agricultural production historically held. In this sense, the installation of wind farms in the micro-region of Santana de Serra has generated contradictions, so that only a minority of people benefits from the activity.Master Thesis Os usos do território e a economia solidária no Rio Grande do Norte(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015-05-15) Lima, Leandro de Castro; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2047387364725653; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2657210531886042; Azevedo, Francisco Fransualdo de; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2719998085102847; Nardoque, Sedeval; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0817381972188098The solidary economy as the organization of production, alternative to the capitalist economy provides new forms of organization and social behavior, that, in the sight of geography, it is shown by the different territory uses. The territory assume new meanings that, influenced by the Solidary Economy movement, tries to reach for new ways of acting that differ from social order already stablished. However, the different uses show themselves in a more complex and contradictory way, given that, in solidary undertakings, different corporative agents start to act, the State being a last resource on this process. Given this reality, our goal on the present paper is to analyze the different uses of the territory from the rural economic solidary undertakings and the relationship it establishes to the different agents involved on the socio-territorial dynamics on Rio Grande do Norte. Starting from a study that contemplates the territorial organization forms and contents of the analyzed phenomena, the methodology utilized for this research is based on a bibliographic review, with authors from the geography and areas related to the Solidary Economy, besides the use of secondary data, acquired from official offices such as SIES and IBGE, from the documented research, SENAES and field interviews conducted with local solidary undertakings. The results obtained in the study reveal the complexity of the agricultural use of the territory by Solidary Economy on the RN, while a resource of intensified use, from the state actions and important economical agents, and regulating the use while shelter, that marginalize solidary workers, making them subdued to the hegemonic logic. Therefore, we can infer that the solidary economy, despite its image of new form of organization between agricultural workers, given the expressivity of the rural solidary undertakings presented on RN, it hasn’t shown a full social development as an instrument of reproduction and emancipation of the associates. Nevertheless, the undertakings articulated in nets excel, even when considering its punctual and residual form. The given contradictions show that it is necessary to fortify the building of the solidary economy as being horizontal and popular based for it to have strength to surpass the regulative actions of the capitalist state and ownership created by the Capital.Master Thesis Circuito espacial de produção de sal:o uso do território do município de Macau/RN pelas indústrias salineiras(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011-02-25) Maia, Manuel Thiago de Araújo; Silva, Aldo Aloisio Dantas da; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727380P0; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7798324463180343; Locatel, Celso Donizete; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2047387364725653; Castilho, Ricardo Abid;The current work it is a research of the spatial circle of salt production and the uses implied by RN salt industry, specifically the city of Macau / RN. Part of the issue - how it gives the uses implied by the spatial distribution of salt in the current historical period, known by some geographers as technical-scientific-informational. The way taken to answer this research was through readings of researches already carried out, field research in government agencies, the use of photographs, questionnaires and interviews. The search for data on production salting, their handling and marketing was one of the methodology steps. The result of this research was the perception of the dynamic activity of salting and uses transmitted within the city of Macau / RN, and the state of Rio Grande do Norte.Master Thesis Circuitos espaciais de produção da atividade boneleira: o uso dos territórios de Caicó, Serra Negra do Norte e São José do Seridó(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011-02-25) Lins, Zara de Medeiros; Silva, Aldo Aloisio Dantas da; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727380P0; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5397896088927142; Azevedo, Francisco Fransualdo de; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2719998085102847; Castilho, Ricardo Abid;Cette étude a été fondée sur la reconaissance, la description et l'analyse du circuit spatial de la production de l activité des fabriques des casquettes dans la région du Seridó Potiguar. L activité des fabriques des casquettes est située dans les villes de Caicó, Serra Negra do Norte e São José do Seridó, qui forment le pôle de fabriques de casquettes, composé de soixante-quatre (64) unités de fabrication, le deuxième plus grand producteur de casquettes au Brésil. Dans la condition de base géographique, l'opérationnalisation du concept de circuits spatiales de la production a été essentielle à la compréhension de l'utilisation du territoire et de l'indivisibilité de l'espace, du fournisseur de matières premières au consommateur final, comprenant les étapes des matières premières, la main-d'oeuvre, le stockage, les transports, le commerce et la consommation dans la période actuelle, dans laquelle les instances de la production, la circulation, la distribution et de la consommation sont spatialement diffus. Sur la base de l'identification et de la localisation de ces étapes et des principaux acteurs impliqués dans la activité des fabriques de casquettes, une configuration de circuit spatial de la production a été élaborée, en s'interprétant l'utilisation des territoires par les instances productives. L'interprétation des étapes de production a identifié que les entreprises liées à l'Association Seridoense des Fabricants de Casquettes agissent plus efficacement sur le territoire que celles nonassociées, alors que toujours elles investissent dans des nouveaux équipements, en augmentant sa puissance technique pour se renforcer avant un marché si compétitif comme celui des casquettes. En examinant la contribution de la fabrication des casquettes à l'utilisation actuelle des territoires de la coupe, nous avons appris que les activités complémentaires et des matières premiéres nécessaires à sa réalisation se trouvent dans leur environnement géographique. Ainsi, la proximité spatiale entre les étapes de la fabrication des casquettes fait entrevoir la matérialité du territoire, conférée dans la coexistence des techniques passées et présentes, et l'ensemble des actions effectuées par un certain nombre de travailleurs sociaux qui collaborent à la création du circuit spatial de la production de l activité des fabriques des casquettes. Cette étude a confirmé que les fabriques des casquettes sont organisées sous la forme de cellules de production, continues ou discontinues, dont les équipements et les machines à coudre industrielles obéissent à la logique d'une production de plus en plus standardisée. Ce circuit spatial de la production contribue à l'utilisation actuelle des territoires de Caicó, Serra Negra do Norte et de São José do Seridó car il amplifie le mouvement du commerce et des relations entre les lieux, à travers la dynamique des flux des personnes, des biens et des produits, en constante circulation, guidées par la division du travail entre les étapes productives