Síndromes de polinização ocorrentes em uma área de Mata Atlântica, Paraíba, Brasil

Abstract

Objetivou-se identifcar as síndromes de polinização das espécies vegetais ocorrentes na Mata do Buraquinho, PB. Analisaram-se as relações existentes entre os atributos forais das espécies vegetais e as recompensas oferecidas ao polinizador. Das 88 espécies estudadas 50,2% eram de fores claras e 48,7% vistosas, representadas principalmente por árvores e arbustos. A maioria das espécies (66%) apresentou fores pequenas, seguidas de fores grandes e médias. A maior parte dos arbustos, trepadeiras e ervas apresentam fores pequenas. A unidade de polinização mais frequente foi a coletivista (71,5%). As árvores obtiveram porcentagem maior entre as espécies coletivistas (30,1%). O tubo foi o tipo foral predominante (72,7%), seguido de disco (14,7%), estandarte (11,3%) e inconspícuo (1,3%). Flores actinomorfas foram a maioria (60,2%) enquanto que 38,6 % foram zigomorfas. Quanto aos sistemas sexuais 88,6% foram de fores hermafroditas enquanto que 8% foram monóicas e apenas 3,4% dióicas. O recurso mais frequente foi néctar (64,7%), seguido de pólen (14,7%), néctar/ pólen (12,5%) e óleo (1,1%). Entre as síndromes de polinização a entomoflia predominou, sendo melitoflia 57%, psicoflia 14,7% e outros insetos 16,8%. A melitoflia foi mais representativa entre as árvores. A ornitoflia e a quiropteroflia, que representaram, respectivamente, 7 e 3,4%, não foram encontradas entre os arbustos. ABSTRACT: Pollination syndromes in a Rainforest Area, Paraíba, Brazil. This work aimed to identify the pollination syndromes of species in Mata do Buraquinho, PB, Brazil. The relationships among the foral attributes of the vegetable species and the rewards offered to the pollinators were evaluated. Within the 88 species studied, 50.2% were whitish fowers and 48.7% were conspicuous, mainly represented by trees and shrubs. The majority of the species (66%) had small fowers, followed by large and medium fowers. Most of the shrubs, vines and herbs had small fowers. The collectivist pollination unit was the most representative (71.5%). The trees obtained the highest percentage among the collectivist species (30.1%). The tube was the predominant kind of fower (72.7%), followed by the disk, the fag and the inconspicuous. The majority of the fowers were actinomorphic (60.2%), while 38.6% were zigomorphic. Regarding the sexual systems, 88.6% were hermaphroditic fowers, while 8% were monoecious and only 3.4% were dioecious. The most frequent resource was nectar (64.7%), followed by pollen (14.7%), nectar/pollen (12.5%) and oil (1.1%). Entomophilia was the predominant pollination syndrome, followed by melitophilia (57%), other insects (16.8%) and psicophilia (14.7%). Melitophilia was the most representative among the trees. Ornithoflia represented 7% and chiropterophilia 3.4%. Neither ornithoflia nor chiropterophilia were found among the shrubs