Análise do conceito comportamento de perda de peso em adolescentes

Abstract

Obesity is a chronic disease and global public health problem due to its high rates of population involvement in several countries and in age groups, especially adolescents. Nursing care for adolescents with obesity is implemented through the Systematization of Nursing Assistance (SAE), operationalized by the Nursing Process (PE) and the taxonomic classifications of nursing corresponding to its stages. Among the expected nursing results among adolescents with obesity is Weight Loss Behavior. The objective of this study was to analyze the concept of behavior for weight loss in adolescents. The model of concept analysis was used, according to Walker and Avant, with all the stages preconized, made feasible by an integrative review of the literature according to the recommended steps of Whittemore and Knafl. The databases used were: SCOPUS, CINAHL, LILACS, PUBMED / MEDLINE Web of Science and Science Direct. The search used the descriptors Behavior, Obesity, Adolescent, Nursing and Weight loss. A total of 425,715 articles were identified, which were examined for inclusion in the study in three stages: reading the title followed by the abstract; Consensus among researchers of possible insertion and subsequent reading in full for inclusion. A total of 55 articles composed the final sample. The articles were analyzed analytically to identify the uses, attributes, antecedents and consequent of the concept. Of the 55 articles, 60% were published between the years 2011 and 2016 showing the strong concern with the current theme; 98% written in English; Studies in the USA predominated with 45.4%. In the characterization of the studies of the final sample, 92.7% were published in other journals, not specific to the nursing area. Of the 55 references, 69.0% were considered as experimental and 82% adopted the quantitative approach. On the phases of the conceptual analysis, the results demonstrate the recognition of four attributes, 10 antecedents and 10 consequent ones. As a result of the study, the definition of the concept of Behavior for weight loss was thus stated: adolescent behaviors between 10 and 19 years, related to the change in dietary pattern accompanied by physical activity and family support in weight loss. The constitutive and operational definitions of the 27 indicators contained in the Nursing score that contains the concept of Behavior for weight loss were constructed and four new indicators. Thus, it is believed that the concept of Behavior for weight loss is extensive because it has aspects that relate how to offer quality assistance to the adolescent. The operationalization of the indicators resulting from this study may help in the construction of an instrument to evaluate the Outcome in adolescents with obesity. The study contributes to the conceptual basis of nursing science and the operationalization of its taxonomies. Content and clinical validation studies and the operationalization of the indicators are suggested.