Sarcopenia e inflamm-aging prevalência e fatores associados em idosos institucionalizados

Abstract

Introduction: The diagnosis of sarcopenia is restricted to those with good physical and cognitive capacity, not being adapted to the conditions of the institutionalized elderly. In addition, dispite the loss of muscle mass is determinant for its diagnosis, associated reduction of fat mass has been observed in sarcopenia. Although the inflammatory state is considered a trigger to loss of muscle mass, reduction in adipose tissue has been associated with the reduction of the inflammatory state, competing in the theoretical construct of the association between inflammation and sarcopenia. Objective: To discuss the diagnosis of sarcopenia in institutionalized elderly patients and to verify the association between inflammation and sarcopenia, as well as to analyze their associated factors. Methodology: Three studies were conducted in elderly people of both sexes, living in nursing homes in the city of Natal / RN. In study 1 (n = 219) an adaptation of the European Consensus for Diagnosis of Sarcopenia (2010) was carried out, adding elderly people with low physical and cognitive capacity. In study 2 (n = 219) it was verified which factors are associated with sarcopenia. In study 3 (n = 187), the analysis of elderly conglomerates according to their inflammatory state was performed and the factors associated with this condition were verified. Results: Inclusion of elderly people with low physical and cognitive status (study 1) increased the prevalence of sarcopenia by 32.2%. In study 2, the factors associated with sarcopenia were knee height, eutrophy and excess weight (according to BMI) and the ability to ambulate. In study 3 it was possible to verify that increase of 1 unit μg / dL in LDL, HDL and triglycerides presented a 1.5%, 4.1% and 0.9% increase in the chance of inflamm-aging and elderly individuals (≥80 years ) had an 84.9% greater chance of inflammation. Conclusion: Inclusion of elderly with low physical and cognitive capacity to calculate sarcopenia is valid and represents more appropriately the institutionalized elderly, presenting the anthropometric and physical aspects as their main associated factors. In addition, the biochemical and anthropometric indicators demonstrated a relationship of sarcopenia with malnutrition. In addition, no association of inflammation with sarcopenia was observed, corroborating the construct that in sarcopenia there is no selective muscle mass loss.