O Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida no Rio Grande do Norte: uma análise comparativa da habitação popular em contextos urbanos distintos

Abstract

The production of the built environment on a large scale, in the form of villas, promoted by the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), has generated a set of positive and negative results in several cities of Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Among these results it is possible to highlight the transformation of the landscape and the configuration of urban spaces; the dynamisation of the economy and generation of jobs; the implications about the housing shortage and living conditions of low-income families; and a series of problems sociospatial such as, real-estate speculation, the rising price of land and housing, towards suburban areas, residential segregation and the level of indebtedness of low-income families. Before the extension of the clipping space defined a priori (the territory of the RN), the large heterogeneity of its urban and bounces unequal of the Program in the territory, we chose to arrange it in three cutouts smaller spaces to better operationalize the research from the methodological point of view: the Região Metropolitana de Natal (RMN), Mossoró, in the particular condition of the average city and the smaller towns of the state. The definition of such cutouts is a methodological tool developed with a twofold objective: 1) to work around the large heterogeneity of the urban of the state, putting a significant variety of cities with common characteristics within the cutouts larger spatial and more homogeneous, in order to operationalize better the development of the analysis on a large universe of empirical situations; 2) demonstrate how the Program spatializes, with their results and contradictions, in the different form in each set of cities, leading to consequences sociospatial, exceedingly varied. This highlights the power quota of the pre-existing conditions of each urban context the site, while important determinant of the results of the Program in the RN and defines, therefore, the hypothesis of the thesis proposal of this work. This posits that each of these cutouts is not a mere reflection of reality, they interfere in the social processes as a whole, and, therefore, on the core aspects of the Program, such as in the predominance of the type of income range; in the value of housing; the location of the enterprises; on the type of financing for acquisition of housing; the quantity of the enterprises; on the results of the reduction of the housing deficit; and in the structural quality and aesthetics of buildings and settlements. Thus, the central goal of the present work is to analyze the process and the results of the uneven development of PMCMV on the urban reality of the RN, from the influence of the contents of the particular three urban typologies distinct. In order to reach this goal we have opted for the combination of methodological approaches related to theoretical and secondary data collection, emphasizing essentially the character and the general aspects of the object in the screen, and methodological approaches of empirical-quantitative, focusing on the collection of hard data in place, in order to provide tangible information, essential to the understanding of the materialization of unequal PMCMV in the framework of urban RN.