Estratégias de reapropriação cotidiana na cidade de Natal/RN por intervenções temporárias

Abstract

The growing technological advancements, the globalization process, the various communication networks, the fluidity and liquidity of the new relationships, when combined with a constant growth of neoliberal policies, translate in the cities the yearnings of capital and big investments, generating new conditions of use and appropriation of their public spaces that are increasingly distant from the collectivity. The social interaction starts to be enclosed in private spaces and to open space for the emergence of ephemeral movements in the city, also defined as “temporary interventions”, which seek to infer and generate new forms of use and appropriation of public space. Therefore, such actions are characterized here by their ephemeral temporality, by collective participation and by the capacity to transform the spaces of the city, even for determined periods, into places of welcome and free expression of culture. Through these, expressed as resistance to this way of life in the city and where often take place in underutilized areas that social rights in urban space are regained and can define a new identity for places. The temporary interventions mapped and analyzed in the city of Natal are, therefore, understood as opposition movements to formal planning guided by capital and have a prominent place in the democratization process of the right to access to the city. This research has as main objective understand these strategies in public open spaces in Natal/RN and their relationship with the democratization of access to the city. The research specifically highlights: (1) a theoretical reflection based on the socio-spatial context of contemporary cities and their relationship with the emergence of these temporary interventions in the public space; (2) a classification of spaces that are the object of appropriation activities through temporary interventions in the city of Natal; (3) the relationship between the types of temporary interventions and the spatial configurations of spaces occupied by these and (4) an analysis and discussion based on the elaboration of social cartographies with the social actors involved in these interventions. For the development of the work, we used the theoretical-methodological contributions of several authors, establishing connections between the concepts and transversal themes involved with the object of study, highlighting the nature of the resistance of interventions in the context of contemporary cities. Based on Adriana Sansão Fontes (2011), Peter Bishop (2012), Rogerio Proença Leite (2002) and Carlos Magnani (2003), was realized a characterization of current practices of appropriation of public space through temporary interventions and their interference in the city and, with this, the methodology was also based on the mapping and prior cataloging of these actions for a later analysis of a universe of fifteen selected interventions. Finally, the analysis of these actions uses case studies more in-depth, which were based on semi-structured interviews and social cartographies carried out together with the participation of the actors involved. This dissertation sought to reflect the role that temporary interventions play in the current context of contemporary cities, in the creation of new places and in the awakening of new forms of appropriation and use of public open space, expressed in the right to access the city.