Les Choses, de Perec, e O Desejo de Kianda, de Pepetela: o posicionamento responsivo dos protagonistas frente à ideologia dominante

Abstract

Society plays a fundamental role in the way the works are thought out and produced and establishes important relations with the production of the works and the ways they are read in their time and later, from their ideological positions. In this perspective, this thesis aims to discuss the dialogical / ideological relations between the novels Les Choses, published in 1965 by Georges Perec, and O Desejo de Kianda published in 1996 by Pepetela. We analyzed these novels, trying to understand how the protagonists act responsively in relation to the discourses and ideological systems that are represented in the literary works. To this end, our analysis was based on concepts from the Bakhtin Circle, out of which we highlight heterodiscourse in Bakhtin (2017c) and ideology in Volóchinov (2017 and 2019) and Bakhtin (2019), in dialogue with discussions about the idea of ideology from the Marxist tradition and consciousness and ideology in Marx (2008) and Marx and Engels (2007). As keys of analysis we observe the acceptance / submission of ideological discourses by the protagonists, their questioning and / or partial acceptance, and, finally, their denial / rejection. With this analysis, we perceived the existing similarities between the selected novels that, although temporally and geographically separated, share discourses and similar ideological systems. Furthermore, the responsive actions of the characters in both works, in addition to reflecting and refracting the societies in which they were produced, being a means to better understand them, also demonstrated the difficulty in opposing the dominant ideological forces, but opened the door to their being questioned or even contested. Thus, we realized that through foreign literature, actions to understand works of national literature can be discussed (BAKHTIN, 2017a).