Ingestão de energia e macronutrientes de pacientes portadores de insuficiência cardíaca isquêmica e não isquêmica

Abstract

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical condition with a multifactorial etiology, the main one being coronary artery disease. Adequate intake of energy and macronutrients is very important in the context of HF, given that individuals are susceptible to developing malnutrition, due to the pathophysiology of the disease and dietary restrictions, making them more susceptible to cachexia. Objective: To compare the intake of energy, macronutrients and fiber of individuals with HF of ischemic and non-ischemic origin. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 107 adult and elderly individuals, of both sexes, diagnosed with HF, divided into ischemic (n = 51) and non-ischemic (n = 56) HF groups. Food consumption was assessed using three 24-hour recalls and the data were analyzed using the Virtual Nutri Plus 2.0®️ software. The “T” -Student test and the U-Mann-Whitney test were used, when appropriate. Results: The mean age of the patients was 55 (14) years, with a predominance of males (69%). Overweight / obesity, classified according to the body mass index (BMI) was present in 50% of the sample. The average caloric intake of the group was 1359 (430) Kcal and most of the participants did not reach the energy recommendation. The average protein intake per g / kg / day for both groups did not reach the recommendation, being slightly higher in the non-ischemic HF group, with no significant difference. The foods that contributed most to protein consumption were beans, chicken eggs and beef. A significant difference was observed in the total fat intake between the groups studied, being greater in the non-ischemic group (p <0.05), but they did not reach the minimum recommendation. The main continuing foods were fried / roasted beef, butter and cheese. Both groups reached the recommendation for carbohydrate, but not fiber, with the main contribution of white rice, potatoes and tapioca. Conclusion: Patients with HF showed deficiency in energy and macronutrient intake among individuals with HF in both groups. Patients with ischemic HF have a lower intake of total fats, emphasizing the need for nutritional interventions aimed at this group.