Fisioterapia respiratória no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiac surgery often causes complications in the pulmonary system in its postoperative and could be prevented and treated using techniques and physical therapy resources, however, it is not yet known what the best technique for this purpose is. Objective: To conduct a literature review on the use and effectiveness of techniques and physical therapy resources in the treatment of pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery. Review: The articles analyzed were in Portuguese and English and found in PUBMED, SciELO and LILACS, using physiotherapy descriptors; cardiac surgery and postoperative complications. Results: In this review 3 randomized prospective studies and 1 randomized controlled trial were analyzed, which used breathing exercises, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) , incentive spirometry to volume and early mobilization, which, in general, obtained clinical improvement and statistical significance in its use. Conclusion: All physical therapy modalities studied were effective for the treatment of pulmonary disorders in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery, however, varied techniques protocols and populations were used, making it difficult to compare them, more studies should be carried out homogeneously, so that effecti ve programs for different types of patients and services can be developed.