Avaliação do estado nutricional infantil na síndrome congênita associada à infecção pelo ZIKA vírus: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Nutritional status has a significant impact on the general health of children with early brain damage, such as the congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus – SCZ infection. This review aims to present evidence on the nutritional profile and the methodological strategies used to assess this profile in children with SCZ. For this, a search was performed in the Virtual Health Library, in PubMed, in the Theses & Dissertations Catalog and in the Scientific Electronic Library Online of publications indexed from 2014 to April 2021 in English, Portuguese and Spanish, using descriptors indexed in the system of Health Science Descriptors: microcephaly; nutritional status; Zika virus infection, food intake; anthropometry. The selected works had their abstracts evaluated, and duplicates and those that did not correspond to the theme were excluded. The studies selected up to this stage were then read in full, and their reference lists were consulted. Of 445 publications found, nine were included at the end of the collection. Anthropometry and bioimpedance, the application of the 24-hour food recall and qualitative assessment of food were the methodological tools used to determine the nutritional status. The nutritional status assessment techniques used for this population do not follow a methodological pattern in the studies and still lack more specific information to validate other tools in this population with so many particularities. All studies found impairment of children's weight or height, but other findings lead to the coexistence of signs of overweight in the same population. There was a high prevalence of deficient caloric intake, and even when it is in sufficient quantity, there is a low consumption of specific nutrients, such as lipids and fiber, in addition to a low consumption of fruits and a high consumption of ultra-processed and farinaceous foods. There is heterogeneity in the techniques applied for measuring and in the findings of the nutritional profile, which can compromise the behavior of professionals responsible for health care, and consequently compromise the advances for the quality of life of these children.