Revisão integrativa sobre dispensação segura de medicamentos

Abstract

In recent years, there has been an increasing number of researches carried out on dispensing errors, considering their impact on the patient, automation and computerization to prevent such errors, considering their importance, it is necessary to understand and record the types, causes, frequency they occur, and what actions are taken to minimize them. Share information through institutional outreach to highlight the importance of a safe drug dispensing system. This is an integrative literature review, where data collection was carried out from February to April 2022, using publications from the last 5 years found in the main databases described below, PubMed, SciELO, Portal of Capes Periodicals, Science Direct. Using the descriptors in the advanced search: “dispensing errors”, “hospital pharmacist”, “medication systems”, “high risk drugs”, “pharmaceutical”, with Boolean operator “AND”, as shown below: “dispensing errors” and “ medication systems”; “dispensing errors” and “high risk drugs”; “dispensing errors” and “pharmaceutical”; “hospital pharmacist” and “medication systems”; “high risk drugs” and “medication systems”; “high risk drugs” and “pharmaceutical”; “hospital pharmacist” and “high risk drugs”. The guiding strategy was the PICOT: Population (outpatient and inpatient prescriptions); Intervention (in dispensing errors); Comparison (Acceptance of the Pharmacist in front of the multidisciplinary team); Outcome/Outcome (proposals to minimize errors and danger to the patient) and Time (research period).549 articles were found, of which 118 were found in SciELO, 103 in Science Direct, 148 in PubMed and 180 in Periódicos Capes, but only 10 articles were selected according to the criteria used. In all of them, the most common dispensing errors were those of labeling and content errors, those documentation errors concomitant between prescription and dispensing such as the lack of signatures of the prescriber and the dispenser were the least observed and reported, and in some of them, there were no interventions to improve the safety of drug dispensing. Among the studies and research bases, none considered cataloging the levels of errors in terms of patient severity and, in addition, most did not use more than one research site, which reduced the samples collected and could reduce the possibility of reproducibility. The review allowed us to observe limitations in the works, as an example, most interventions for improvement were not observed and the researchers were unable to stay away from the teams' observations; among the errors, those of labeling and content stood out; only one study found was able to present intervention data and their outcomes to improve the quality of service at pharmacies; the time varied greatly, in a matter of weeks, months and years.