Reconstituindo o desenho do habitat de reforma agrária: legados e possibilidades para o Estado

Abstract

What is the legacy of the National Institute of Colonization and Land Reform (INCRA) regarding the design production of the land reform habitat? This thesis derives from the search to answer this question. Its objective consists in analyze the production process of the habitat design of the land reform settlements executed by the State in order to contribute to its actions in the country. Assuming, as a starting point, the hypothesis that "the INCRA’s exclusive production in relation to the design of land reform habitats in Brazil had a more quantitative approach than a qualitative one, knowing the implemented habitats do not satisfy the needs and expectations of the settlers". Therefore, in the context of the transformations that modified the habitat and inhabits manners of society, mainly in the countryside - known not as a space opposed to the city, but complementary to it - the land reform habitats are: the place where the individual inhabits and develops its everyday life (BORGES, 2002). In addition to the design, regarding the responsibilities for planning actions, conception and demarcation in the physical place; and basic infrastructure implementation, the State acts through INCRA. Created in 1970, since then INCRA has been contributing to the design of our territory. From 1970 to 1985 through the colonization policy, INCRA implemented the colonization integrated projects (PIC), using the Rural Planning to design the habitats. The delimitation of the habitat design of the land reform already occurs in the last 30 years. This policy, however, was not made a priority to many governments post-Constitution of 1988, besides the struggle of the social movements for its realization. Along with the most diverse inherent limitations to habitat questions - regulatory; financial and human resources; among others - INCRA still designing, occupying and transforming the Brazilian territory. Nevertheless, this thesis constitutes the relation between the habitats design of land reform and the State actuation. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, it was used as theoretical background the dialectical method regressiveprogressive created by Marx and developed by Lefebvre and others postulates by him and the ones by Borges (2002). The empirical field corresponds to 286 rural settlements created by the national policy of land reform situated in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, RN, in the studied timeline: from 1985 to 2013. In this time period the following governments occurred: Sarney (1985-1989); Collor (1990-1992); Itamar (1992-1995); Fernando H. Cardoso (FHC) (1995-2002); Lula (2003-2010); Dilma (2011-2013). The materiality of the empirical field is limited to the 1 settlement habitats of one of each 6 periods. Thus, starting from the current situation of habitating the rural territory of Brazil, it is possible to ponder about the present and past in the production of habitat: habitating and habitat in land reform and habitat design of land reform. Subsequently, the practice of the State and the habitat design in land reform was approached, afterwards, was performed a study of its production in RN. Observing that the differences between the biggest and smallest quantitative created - during FHC’s government were created 202 settlements, while during Itamar were only 2 - INCRA/RN legacy is composed by a pattern of habitat design of land reform. In the Settlement Scale exist 1 concentrated habitat located in the settlement’s edge accessed through neighboring road. Whereas in the Habitat Scale prevails the orthogonal typology for physical configuration. Regarding the realization process, it results from the correlation of forces among acting agents: INCRA’s technicians; settled and social movements (unionized or not). Absences are also identified. In conclusion, possibilities are pointed in order to optimize policies and management of the State to design the habitat of land reform.