Desenvolvimento de protótipo do Serious Game sobre ensino, avaliação e manejo da dor em recém-nascidos pré-termos

Abstract

Introduction: Pain in the neonatal period, particularly in preterm newborns, needs to be well evaluated and correctly managed by health professionals in order to reduce negative stimuli during the stay in Neonatal Units, and, consequently, a better neurological development. For this, it is essential to adopt and use daily scales that can measure pain in these newborns in order to guide professionals regarding the best care practices with a view to reducing and preventing pain in preterm infants. Objective: Develop and validate a serious game prototype on pain assessment and management in preterm newborns. Method: This is a methodological research with a quantitative approach, based on the methodological framework of Pasquali. The research took place in a Maternity School in Rio Grande do Norte, in the year 2022. The research phases were five (5), namely: theoretical, empirical and analytical procedures; development of the serious game by professionals specialized in technologies; game content evaluation by neonatologist nurses and technology experts, having used the Likert scale. Content and appearance validation was performed using the Delphi technique with the calculation of Content Validity Index greater than 78%. The concordance analysis of each suggestion issued by the judges in the second round was obtained by Content Index greater than 78%. Such stages occurred through the strategy of integrative review in databases and sending the game prototype link as well as the forms via email to the 15 judges participating in the evaluation stage. The study was conducted after approval by the Maternidade Escola, and approval by the Research Ethics Committee of the UFRN/HUOL, under opinion No. 5559962, in accordance with the ethical precepts of Resolution No. 466 of 2012 of the National Health Council. Results: The prototype was finalized after content evaluation by 07 nurses specialists in neonatal nursing, 01 nurse graduate professional and 06 specialists in information technology, who analyzed the 15 prototype screens of the game prototype and proposed suggestions for improvements. After this evaluation by specialists, the resulting product of this study was the “Neo-pain Game”, a serious game that involves the teaching, evaluation and management of pain in preterm newborns in the Neonatal ICU through the use of the scale Neonatal Pain Agitation and Sedation Scale (N-PASS) to be routinely used by the nursing team. neonatal nursing. Furthermore, it will also serve as a teaching-learning instrument for undergraduate and graduate students in the field of nursing. Conclusion: The development of the serious game prototype significantly contributes to the management of pain in preterm newborns hospitalized in Neonatal Units. This occurs because it is an innovative educational technology that provides professionals and students with updated scientific content, didactic and with dynamic presentation for teaching-learning purposes and use of the scale in routine care. The prototype will also serve as an instrument to raise the awareness of managers and professionals regarding the importance of using the pain assessment scale in the institution where the research was carried out, and may also be disseminated among other Neonatal Intensive Care Units. It should be noted that the educational game will still be used in the research maternity hospital in a phase subsequent to the production of the prototype, with a view to testing its applicability with professionals and students of the Institution, with the intention of being subsequently instituted.