O Geossistema como categoria analítica da Geografia

Abstract

The Geography is a science with unique characteristics. Being in a privileged position, but, at the same time, difficult to define, geographical science is placed between the human and natural sciences. But it is also part of the dual role of basic and applied sciences. And this crossroads is caused, mainly, by the recent systematization, carried out in Germanic lands a little over two centuries ago. As a result of this phenomenon, the Geography has its main concepts coming from other sciences and still resignified in current times. But the Geosystem, created almost 60 years ago by the Soviet scientist Viktor Sochava, is the closest thing to an entirery geographic theoretical entity. And, despite being contained in Geography, the Geosystem, for different reasons, was misunderstood, especially in Western Geography. Understood, initially, as a theoretical core and, later, as a concept, the Geosystem ended up losing its greatest capacity, which is analytical in the form of a category. And this, despite seeming obvious, has not yet been systematized, so that the understandings of the Geosystem as a concept and a taxon are preponderant in current Geography, even if both have logical-philosophical imperfections. Thus, this thesis, of an eminently theoretical and epistemological character, seeks to establish the Geosystem in a place of its own, going through a philosophical review of its initial bases, as well as by part of the literature consecrated in the French and Soviet schools in Geography, also exemplifying, in Brazilian Geography and his famous Landscape Unit Studies Thus, this thesis study leads geosystemic thinking to an unprecedented theoretical advance, in which the Geosystem is finally consolidated as a category of analysis, placing it in a deserved place, without greater prominence or lesser importance.