Efeitos da suplementação de probióticos nos parâmetros antropométricos de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus 2: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise

Abstract

Studies indicate that the Intestinal Microbiota (IM) can influence glucose metabolism and weight control in patients with DM2, sparking interest in supplementation with probiotics. This study aimed to systematically review the scientific evidence on the effects of probiotic supplementation on the anthropometric parameters of patients with DM2. The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under number CRD42023480243. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included, selected through a systematic search in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS and Google Scholar databases. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB 2). Data analysis showed that probiotic supplementation for more than eight weeks significantly reduced waist circumference (WC) compared to placebo. This reduction was accompanied by a decrease in Hb1c and a statistical difference in fasting blood glucose, associated with a drop in BMI. The form of administration also influenced the results: sachets were more effective in reducing BMI and weight, while capsules showed a better effect in reducing BW. Despite the analysis of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, there was no statistical association with anthropometric changes. The data were synthesized by meta-analysis with a fixed effects model in cases of low heterogeneity (I² < 25%) and publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot. It is concluded that supplementation with probiotics has potential as an adjuvant strategy in the clinical management of DM2, contributing to reducing BW and improving glycemic control. The effects vary according to the form of administration, reinforcing the need for standardized protocols to optimize the benefits of this intervention.