A promoção imobiliária e as vias arteriais: um estudo sobre correlação espacial em Natal/RN

Abstract

The real estate development developed in the city of Natal followed the economic transformations and urban legislation in force in the city, defining the location of the projects and their typological characteristics, acting as an important agent for transforming the urban space. The performance of real estate developers contributed to the process of urban expansion, promoting population density in specific regions of the city. The consequent increase in the number of vehicles and the deficiency in the expansion of road infrastructure resulted in the compromise of urban mobility. This work aims to establish possible spatial correlations between vertical housing production, in the period from 1990 to 2018, and arterial roads in the city of Natal. For this, an extensive database was used, and, through the QGIS® software, aspects of the spatial distribution of the projects were defined, emphasizing the number of housing units, the verticalization (number of floors) and the number of parking spaces . The results point to an asymmetrical distribution of housing units between the administrative zones of Natal, but a direct relationship between the construction of projects and arterial roads, since many of them follow the extension of these roads. The East and South Zones concentrate the largest number of housing units, buildings with the highest number of floors and with greater availability of parking spaces, unlike the North and West Zones, which bring together real estate production for populations with lower purchasing power. The existence of infrastructure, the concentration of stores, services in education, health and leisure and better access routes may justify the greater intensity of projects in the East and South Zones, revealing possible criteria in the decision-making process of real estate developers. Due to the proximity of the properties to arterial roads, congestion points, environmental pollution by the emission of gases and higher noise levels can already be observed in these areas. The conclusions of this research can support both the decisionmaking of promoters and contribute to the public authorities to adopt measures and actions to guide the best use of infrastructure, without compromising urban mobility, affecting the quality of life of people.