Percepção dos servidores com tempo para aposentadoria de uma universidade pública sobre o envelhecimento e trabalho: um estudo qualitativo

Abstract

The aging process is physiological, universal, non-uniform, dynamic and continuous, which each person will experience, albeit at an individual pace. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) found that almost the country currently has 7 million workers above 60 years old, and the workforce aimed at this population tends to increase even further. Through the dichotomy of feelings and conceptions that involve the meaning of work and retirement of elderly people described in the scientific literature, the need to carry out an investigation that proposes to analyze the subjectivity surrounding the theme emerges. Aiming to analyze the perception of workers at a public university with time to be retired about the decision to remain working; To characterize the socioeconomic, demographic and labor profile of workers; To evaluate the factors related to the aging process and work experienced by employees. Qualitative research was carried out, with data collection through in-depth interviews and data analysis with the aid of the IRAMUTEQ® software, version 0.7 alpha 2, using word cloud analyses. In addition, the Content Analysis method will be used, in the thematic modality. This research included a sample consisting of 12 participants, of which 7 were female and 5 were male. In the analysis of words, the following were emphasized: Retire(18), Process (17); Life (12); Continue (12); Universiry (11); Age (11); Financial (9); Permanent (9) ; Feel (9); Aging (9); Activity (8); Like (8); Live (8); Think (8); Active (8); Health (7); Motivate (7); Physical (6), Income (6); Need (6); Lose (7). In the similarity analysis, four communities of words were identified: “postponed retirement”; “the time to retire”; “financial concerns”, and “active aging”. In the descending hierarchical classification, four classes of words were identified: Class 1 - Challenges of retirement: visions and concerns; Class 2 - Reinventing yourself: a new lifestyle; Class 3 - Postponed retirement: a perspective of balance and purpose; Class 4 - "Healthy aging". The sociodemographic descriptive statistics of the sample were calculated using SPSS version 26 software. The findings described in this study corroborate the evidence in the literature on the meanings of retirement, reinforcing the importance of understanding the perceptions of employees in the face of this crucial moment of transition. The thematic axes reflect the complexity and multidimensionality of the aging and retirement experience.