Tecnologias assistivas sobre infecções sexualmente transmissíveis para pessoas cegas: validação de conteúdo e semântica à luz de David Ausubel.

Abstract

The objective was to investigate validating evidence of content and semantics of a virtual booklet and podcast for the blind about the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/ AIDS) and viral hepatitis. This is a methodological development study, carried out with experts in special education and sexual and reproductive health and with blind people enrolled in the Support Center for the Visually Impaired (CADV), Mossoró/RN and in the Education and Rehabilitation Institute of Blind people from Rio Grande do Norte (IERC / RN), Natal, between May 2018 and July 2020. It was developed in four stages: (1) construction of the content through an integrative review at the Virtual Health Library, Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science; and, the verification of the educational needs of eight blind people from CADV on the subject; (2) construction of the booklet by following the steps proposed for the development of digital educational materials; and, the podcast considering technical procedures for its development; (3) content validation of assistive technologies (TA) developed by the judges elected by searching the Lattes Platform; and, (4) semantic validation of the podcast performed by twelve blind people from IERC / RN. The content and semantics validation steps were guided by Pasquali and the research was developed in the light of David Ausubel's Theory of Meaningful Learning. The collected data were compiled and analyzed in a data sheet and in SPSS 23.0. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated to identify the educacional needs of the blind and the validation investigation instruments were calculated; Content Validity Index (CVI); means and standard deviation of CVI; and, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests in order to verify statistical differences between the mean CVIs. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman correlation (RS) were calculated, considering p-value <0.05. The internal consistency of the instruments was verified by Cronbach's Alpha. Ethical recommendations were followed in accordance with Resolution No. 466/2012, having been submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of UFRN, CAAE No. 91753918.4.0000.5537. Educational needs were identified on the ways of transmission of some STIs / AIDS and the domain of knowledge by most participants on methods of HIV prevention and control. It was possible to identify in the review that the literature portrays the sexuality and sexual practices of the blind as risk factors for the development of STI / AIDS, as well as the way of accessing information occurs through the development, validation and testing of technologies. The booklet was built following the international accessibility recommendations defined by the W3C and the podcast was recorded considering the elaborated transcript. The content validation was carried out by 57 judges, in two rounds, and all items of the TA had their content validated (CVI = 1). Good internal consistency was identified (Crobach's alpha> 0.8) and a satisfactory correlation was verified between the IVCs of AT (ICC = 0.87 and RS ≥ 0.6, p-value <0.05). The items in the podcast were considered intelligible to the target population, giving the appearance validation. Finally, this study allowed the development of a virtual booklet and podcast on STIs, HIV / AIDS and Viral Hepatitis for blind people, content validation of these AT and semantic validation of the podcast and it was concluded that these developed and validated AT represent accessible instruments of health education on STI / HIV / AIDS and Viral Hepatitis for the blind