Filogenia de Seirinae (Collembola, Entomobryoidea, Entomobryidae) na região Neotropical baseada em genomas mitocondriais completos

Abstract

Seirinae is one of the most diverse subfamilies of Collembola, and a considerable part of this diversity is comprised by Seira Lubbock, which currently gathers approximately 220 species. So far no internal phylogeny Seirinae was proposed, what leads to difficulties in the establishment of comparative knowledge, description of new taxa, and also the understanding of the evolutionary patterns within this taxon. The dorsal chaetotaxy is the main morphological component utilised to distinguish species, and although undoubtedly diagnostic, it can be variable interspecifically. The main aim of this work is to clarify the phylogenetic relations within the Neotropical Seirinae based on both molecular and morphological data, which might result in a better internal organization of the subfamily. For this aim, 27 samples of different species belonging to Entomobryidae and one of Paronellidae were sequenced. As for molecular analyses genomic DNA of one individual/sample was extracted and quantified and sequencing libraries were built and sequenced using Next-Generation Sequencing on HiSeq 2000. The whole mitochondrial genome (DNAmt) of the species was reconstructed by two methods: SOAPdenovo_Trans and MIRA/MITOBim. Two phylogenies were then proposed: one containing only genomes reconstructed in this study as well as a complementary one, where 11 Collembola DNAmt available in a public database were also included. The phylogenies were generated through Bayesian analyses using the thirteen protein coding genes that almost correspond to the entire DNAmt. The results corroborate the current proposal which claims the order Poduromorpha as the most basal order of Collembola; the order Symphypleona as the sister-group of Entomobryomorpha, which shows clear division into two superfamilies, Isotomoidea and Entomobryoidea; the placement of Lepidocyrtoides Schött and Lepidosira Schött genera inside Entomobryinae corroborates the most recently published phylogeny; the monophyly of the internal groups of Seirinae based on molecular evidence was confirmed for the first time showing high nodal support; Tyrannoseira Bellini & Zeppelini, recently described, was validated phylogenetically; Lepidocyrtinus Börner was elevated to genus status; and three species synonyms were proposed; finally some morphological characteristics of Seirinae were identified as diagnostic and having phylogenetic signal, for instance, the quantity of macrochaetae on the first abdominal segment.