Desenvolvimento participativo de tecnologia educativa para prevenção do racismo estrutural no acesso à saúde

Abstract

Introduction: The black population has a greater numerical representation in Brazil, however, they are a minority in spaces of power, with limited access to health services, with low pay and education, as well as precarious housing and food. In this context, a historical dimension stands out, which, even though it is secular, still has traces today, as it is a social rooting called structural racism. The health of the black population is an issue that still needs attention and changes, especially in the training and education process of health professionals regarding this topic. Objective: Develop an educational technology for healthcare professionals to prevent structural racism in access to healthcare. Methodology: This is a methodological study with participatory development of an educational guide on the health of the black population aimed at health professionals, with a qualitative approach carried out between the months of July and October of the year 2024, presenting as inclusion criteria: professionals health professionals who declare themselves black, being mixed-race and/or black, to bring representation of the population under study and have knowledge in the areas of knowledge: Public health, Collective health, Health policies and exclusion: health professionals who were vacation, certificate or leave during data collection. To collect data, we used the focus group technique of qualitative research, where through group interactions, we sought to provide information on the subject, in this case, the health of the black population. Therefore, the meetings took place via the Google Meet platform, considering the ease of bringing professionals together, lasting 40 minutes.A sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were used to conduct the meeting. Content analysis of Bardin's data and the IRAMUTEQ software and its tools for content processing and discussion were carried out, with the objective of describing the materials made from the meeting records, using audio, video and/or photos. The closure of this sample occurred through the criterion of Theoretical Saturation of responses, that is, the level of agreement, as well as compliance with the semi-structured script. Therefore, it is worth noting that the illustration for the informative guide was created using the CANVA® platform. This research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), under opinion number 6.466.521. Results: The research participants were mostly female, with an average age of 46 years, and all declared themselves black. All participants had a master's degree, graduated in the following degrees: nursing, physiotherapy and hospital administration. The following categories emerged from the analysis: I- Bio, psychic, social well-being, for whom?; II- The conditions that influence health care for the black population; III- Strategies to meet the demands of the black population; IV- Educational technology in the fight against racism. Regarding the themes discussed in the guide, these emerged through dialogues between health professionals, where content analysis was carried out (Bardin), as well as word clouds constructed from the IRAMUTEQsoftware, thus, the following axes emerged themes: health concept; racism; most common diseases in the black population; social determinants; historical dimension; Black population policy; race and color (self-determination); barriers to access and racism; social law and among other topics. Conclusion: This innovative study and educational technology seeks to contribute to the assistance of health professionals towards the black population, trying to minimize health inequities, as well as combat structural racism within health services.