Associação entre o uso do CPAP nasal e os dados de saúde de recém-nascidos atendidos em um hospital maternidade brasileiro

Abstract

The moment of birth and the first days of life are characterized by fragility in the health of the newborn (NB), which can trigger physiological changes in the pulmonary system. These changes, in several cases, cause the need for ventilatory support, whether invasive or non-invasive, depending on the severity of the problem. An example of non-invasive ventilatory support is Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), widely used in newborns with respiratory disorders. CPAP is a device that provides a continuous flow of pressurized air, which can be measured and controlled, applied through nasal prongs or a mask directed to the newborn's face. Nasal CPAP has several scientifically proven benefits, including: improved oxygenation, reduced respiratory effort, prevention of apnea episodes, among others. This study aimed to analyze the association between the indication for the use of nasal CPAP and data on health, delivery care and conditions during the hospitalization of newborns treated in intermediate and intensive care units of a Brazilian maternity hospital. This is an observational, cross-sectional study that used a quantitative approach, with research of secondary data. It was carried out between March and April 2024 at the Ana Bezerra University Hospital (HUAB), located in the municipality of Santa Cruz, in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, which provides obstetric, maternal, pediatric, and neonatal care. The present study evidenced the association between the indication for the use of nasal CPAP in newborns and sociodemographic and health aspects, among which males, preterm patients, who were indicated for neonatal resuscitation and for measures against hypothermia stood out as predominant. As for the conditions identified, those who had Respiratory Distress Syndrome were the ones who received the most CPAP intervention.