Efeito da música no manejo da ansiedade e do estresse em pacientes no pré-operatório de angioplastia transluminal coronária: ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract

Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (TCA) is defined as a highly complex, non-surgical treatment that aims to unclog the coronary arteries. Due to the complexity of this procedure and often the psychophysiological vulnerability of the patient, this procedure may be associated with psychological stressors, such as anxiety and stress. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of music on the management of anxiety and stress in patients in the preoperative period of percutaneous coronary angioplasty. This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial, carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). The study was developed in the hemodynamics of the Onofre Lopes University Hospital, from August to December/2024, with a sample of 52 participants scheduled for the TCA procedure. The randomization of patients was performed through the “Research Randomizer” website. Patients were equally allocated into two groups: Intervention Group (IG) and Control Group (CG) with 26 patients in each group. All patients received the application of headphones before the start of the ATC procedure, but only patients in the Intervention Group (IG) received the intervention (exposure to music). Data were collected through the patient's sociodemographic and clinical data form; Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Lipp Adult Stress Symptom Inventory (LSSI). The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, under Protocol number: 6,479,213 and the Certificate of Presentation of Ethical Appreciation (CAAE) number: 74,989,823.6.0000.5537, in addition to the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials - ReBEC, according to approval record: RBR-5jy7kzj. To compare the BAI and ISSL scores with the intervention and control groups, Student's t-test was applied, with a 5% significance level. The Chi-square test evaluated the relationship of variables with a significance level. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test verified the data distribution pattern. The study concluded that the alternative hypothesis was confirmed, as evidenced in the research results, regarding the existence of the effect of music on the anxiety and stress of patients in the waiting room for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. However, although the study did not present the expected primary outcome in the overall comparison between the Intervention Groups and the Control Group, it did present the expected intergroup primary outcome, in addition to a positive secondary outcome with evidence of a reduction in Systolic Blood Pressure (SAH) and Heart Rate (HR).