A relação entre orientação sexual das pessoas adultas e o mercado de trabalho no Brasil: uma análise da prevalência de ocupação, fatores associados, diferenciais por renda e interseccionalidade de sexo e raça/cor

Abstract

Despite social and institutional advances in defense of sexual and gender diversity in Brazil, in recent years, we have experienced the strengthening of hate speech, the reproduction of conservative “values”, discriminatory and prejudiced practices. At this juncture, it is observed that the structural inequalities that remain latent in our society, with the overlapping of markers of difference, can generate multiple inequities in the job market, especially when linked to people's sexual orientation. Based on data from the 2019 National Health Survey, the main objective of this thesis is to analyze the prevalence of occupation and associated factors in adults (aged 18 or over) selected to answer the question sexual orientation, also considering possible differentials by income and the intersectionality of sex and race/color. To obtain estimates of occupation prevalence, Poisson Regression models with robust variance were used. The results showed that the chances of employment in the Brazilian job market are reduced for people who declared themselves as homosexuals, bisexuals, with another orientation, who did not know and for those who refused to answer, when compared to heterosexual people. In the income models, the estimates show that the chances of employment are lower for people who did not respond heterosexual, regardless of the per capita household income range. In turn, through the intersectionality of sex and race/color, it was possible to identify that, while the fact of being homosexual reduces the chances of employment for men regardless of their race/color, for white and non-white homosexual women the chances of being busy increases. However, for bisexual people, with another sexual orientation, who did not know and those who refused to answer, the findings show a reduction in the chances of employment, regardless of the intersection of sex and race/color. The job market is still an environment heavily influenced by conservative norms and “values”, and the lower chances of employment for people with non-normative orientations are probably due to the effect of discrimination.