Funções estomatognáticas e cirurgia ortognática: um estudo de revisão de escopo e análise cienciométrica

Abstract

Dento-skeletal deformities are manifested by disharmony between bone and tooth bases, and their arrangement influences adjacent soft tissues and can have a significant impact on the quality of life and the stomatognathic system (SS). The combination of orthognathic surgery (OS) and orthodontic treatment enables effective correction of facial asymmetries, promoting the establishment of a harmonious balance between the facial pattern and adjacent structures. Despite orofacial skeletal balance and the establishment of favorable conditions for the execution of orofacial functions, altered functional patterns persist, which can negatively impact orofacial myofunctional balance. From this perspective, a scoping review and a scientometric review were carried out to compose this dissertation, the objectives of which will be addressed respectively. The studies aimed to map orofacial and cervical myofunctional intervention programmes developed for adults undergoing OS, and to analyze the scientific mapping of OS research patterns and trends related to the functions of the SS. The scoping review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist, with searches in the Cochrane, EMBASE, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Web of Science databases, as well as grey literature. In the scientometric review, the search was carried out on the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, without date or language restrictions, with analyses carried out using the Bibliometrix package and VosViewer software. The scoping review included studies that addressed therapeutic programmes, myofunctional exercises and their influence on the SS of adults undergoing OS, without time or language restrictions, excluding secondary studies, populations under the age of 18 and comorbidities associated with dentofacial deformities. The scientometric analysis selected studies that assessed orofacial functions, excluding systematic reviews, books, book chapters, abstracts and grey literature. Five studies were eligible for the scoping review and 223 studies were included in the scientometric review. The five eligible studies were published between 2006 and 2018, with participants aged between 19 and 31, a predominance of females and the use of isometric, isotonic, postural and functional exercises, as well as tactilekinesthetic and thermal stimulation, with a positive emphasis on functional improvement of the SS. The analysis of the 223 studies included showed the period from 1981 to 2024, an average annual growth rate of 2.96%, an average of 18.4 citations, 389 keywords, an average of 4.99 co-authors per document, and 2.69% of international co-authorships, highlighting the gradual increase in productions, as well as the global and collaborative nature of scientific research. It is concluded that despite the substantial gap identified in the scoping review, its mapping highlights a significant improvement in the performance of orofacial functions, suggesting an optimization of the functionality of the SS, a better perception of oral health, and improvements in the tone and mobility of orofacial structures in individuals who underwent orofacial and cervical myofunctional intervention after OS. A scientometric analysis reveals a significant increase in the number of publications on OC and stomatognathic functions, highlighting the close relationship and importance between OC and the stomatognathic system.