Osseus: método baseado em inteligência artificial e ondas eletromagnéticas para o diagnóstico auxiliar de doenças osteometabólicas

Abstract

Known as a silent disease, osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disorder characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), compromising the microarchitecture and bone resistance, exposing the individual to fractures risk and consequent impairment of life quality, affecting their mobility, independence; after the fracture it can cause chronic pain, deformity, depression or death due to medical complications. In Brazil, it is estimated that in a 20-year period there was a 50% increase in the number of people with a higher probability of developing osteoporosis,the projections for 2050 estimate that the number of hip fractures for men and women aged around 50 to 64 years old will increase by 400%, moreover, the increase for the age groups over 65 years will have 700% increase. In a three-year period, 3,252,756 procedures were performed related to the osteoporosis treatment in the Brazilian elderly population, which generated an expense of R$ 288,986,336.15. The diagnosis and the early treatment of this disease are fundamental for the execution of preventive measures, avoiding the occurrence of fractures. This is a great challenge for a country of continental proportions such as Brazil (5,564 municipalities), with a considerable socioeconomic diversity and amplitude in both population and area. Diagnostic equipment for osteoporosis has a high cost, making them unfeasible in all municipalities of the federation. This thesis presents a tool for the initial diagnosis of osteometabolic diseases - Osseus. This instrument is a combination of the techniques and concepts from several areas such as: biomedical engineering, software engineering, electrical engineering, electronics engineering, computer engineering. Due to these characteristics, the initial osteoporosis examinations are able to be performed in any of the 5,564 municipalities of Brazil with annual periodicity according to the parameters established by the Decree number 1.10/GM, from the Ministry of Health.