As federações de partidos políticos no Brasil: o desafio para a formação de alianças nacionais nas eleições de 2022

Abstract

The 2022 general elections were marked by the institution of party federations, allowing two or more parties to unite to contest elections at federal, state, and municipal levels. Once elected, candidates must continue to act together throughout their term, facing severe penalties if they do not. However, the formation of these alliances was hindered by regional disagreements during the 2022 elections, preventing or complicating the composition and coexistence of federated parties, highlighting the existence of hypothetical "regional parties," even among those considered national. This study aims to analyze the institution of political party federations in Brazil and their impact on forming national alliances, particularly during the 2022 elections. To achieve this, the research employed a qualitative methodology, using the study of party federations in Brazil through Content Analysis with thematic categorization, statistical data analysis, and Literature Review. The central hypothesis is that the constitution of party federations in the 2022 elections encountered regional disagreements among parties in Brazilian states. In terms of electoral performance, the existence of party federations was crucial for the success of parties in reaching the electoral threshold in the said elections. The results indicated that the measure did not serve to expand the process of nationalizing political parties and their alliances across Brazil. However, it allowed smaller parties to surpass the performance threshold and ensure political survival, while larger parties could manage the alliance and achieve better electoral competitiveness.