Análise histopatológica evolutiva da carcinogênese induzida em cavidade oral, esôfago e estômago de ratos

Abstract

The complexity of carcinogenesis as a whole requires detailed studies to assist in its understanding. The objective of the present study was to carry out the chemical induction of carcinogenesis, analyzing the histopathological evolution of epithelial changes that culminate in the appearance of squamous cell carcinoma in different regions of the digestive tract (oral cavity, esophagus and stomach) with different induction times. We used 15 male Wistar rats, divided into 3 groups, one control and two from different weeks of induction, as an experimental model of carcinogenesis induced by the compound 1-oxide 4 nitroquinoline (4-NQO), with histopathological analysis of the cases studied being carried out with establishment of the diagnosis, as well as histomorphometric analysis to obtain the area of the lesion. Correlating with the measurement of rat weights during the carcinogenesis induction process. Our sample consisted of two groups, one group at 8 weeks (G8) and a second group at 12 weeks (G12). At the end of the induction time, the groups were euthanized and the studied organs were removed, namely: Tongue and palate (oral cavity), esophagus and stomach, all of which were subjected to laboratory processing to create histopathological slides. The histopathological results showed the presence of hyperkeratinization in both groups and different degrees of dysplasia. The formation of squamous cell carcinoma in the tongue, palate, and esophagus was also described, while in the stomach, epithelial erosion was observed. Furthermore, we found that the neoplastic lesions appeared as well-differentiated carcinomas. The data on weight and lesion areas were normally distributed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the ANOVA test was used for the lesion areas and showed a significant difference for the organ, therefore the Post-Hoc test was suggested. has a lesion area larger than the tongue, palate and stomach. The induction model proved to be effective for the formation of lesions for experimental carcinogenesis studies, highlighting the importance of these studies for understanding and substantiating oncological processes in humans.