Validação do diagnóstico de enfermagem comportamento de saúde propenso a risco em universitários

Abstract

The nursing diagnosis Health behavior presents risk in different environments, however, research is scarce in universities. These behaviors are associated with the occurrence of several negative consequences, in the short and long term, which can affect the quality of life of individuals, especially young people. Given this reality, it is necessary to specify the nursing diagnosis for the university public. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to validate the nursing diagnosis Health behavior subject to risk in university students. This is a methodological study, developed in three stages, namely: theoretical-causal validation, based on the construction of a medium-range theory; content analysis by judges; and, clinical validation, through a diagnostic accuracy study. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Responsible Institution, under opinion no. 4,953,282 and Certificate of Presentation for Ethical Appraisal no. 48202221.6.0000.5537. In the first stage, a mediumrange theory was developed for the diagnosis under study, which was operationalized through an integrative review of four data sources and through the steps mentioned in the framework adopted for the theoretical-causal validity of nursing diagnoses.We sought to verify in the literature the essential attributes, clinical antecedents, clinical consequences, conceptual and operational definitions, propositions and causal relationships between the identified concepts. The final sample consisted of 87 articles. The following were identified: a definition, an essential attribute, 14 clinical antecedents, 11 clinical consequences, 11 propositions and 14 causal relationships. A pictogram was also produced to illustrate the “ComPoRis Theory”. In the second stage of the study, a content analysis was carried out by 48 judges, via an online Google Forms form, in order to judge the adequacy of the definition, attribute, antecedents and clinical consequences. Suggestions sent by professionals were presented, culminating in the readjustment of the definition of the diagnosis and essential attribute, as well as the 13 clinical antecedents and 12 clinical consequences, and their respective conceptual and operational definitions. In the third stage, an accuracy study of the Risk-Prone Health Behavior diagnosis was carried out with 108 nursing students from a public university in the Northeast of Brazil. Data collection took place from September to December 2023, at that institution. The SPSS software was used to carry out the descriptive statistical analysis and the R software was used to analyze the latent class of the clinical indicators of the diagnosis under study. The diagnosis presented a prevalence of 78.88% in the investigated clientele. The sensitive indicators were: Inadequate eating behaviors, Compensatory use of the internet and Excess body fat. The specific indicators were: Abuse of legal and illegal substances, Unsafe sexual behavior and Impaired emotional health. Thus, it is concluded that the Risk-Prone Health Behavior diagnosis is verifiable in nursing students and presents three sensitive and three specific indicators. Through this research, it is expected to contribute to increasing the level of evidence regarding the clinical construct validity of the aforementioned diagnosis, strengthening its relevance and permanence in the NANDA International taxonomy. Furthermore, it is expected to contribute to the advancement of nurses' work process, through more reliable identification of the diagnosis in this population and by strengthening the development of good habits and prevention of future health problems.