Efeito do Bolsa Família sobre a defasagem escolar de mães adolescentes, observados os aspectos de sua fecundidade: um estudo da Coorte de 100 milhões de brasileiros

Abstract

In 2003, the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) was created from the monthly union of existing social programs, with the intention of reducing poverty through the transfer of monthly income to families in poverty and extreme poverty in Brazil, through counterparts educational and health. Some possible indirect effects have been the subject of studies other than some indirect studies. In the field of demography, such studies focus on period and not cohort information, due to the difficulty in the availability of longitudinal data. In this sense, this thesis intends to contribute to the debate, through the analysis of longitudinal data from the study of the Cohort of 100 million Brazilians (C100), prepared by the Center for Integration of Data and Knowledge for Health CIDACS. Based on the hypothesis that the BFP has a protective role against school delay even among those who are becoming mothers in adolescence, this study aims to investigate the effect of the BFP on the school delay perceived by teenage mothers at the time of motherhood (up to 19 years), observing the aspects of their fertility during the period from 2004 to 2015. And with the aim of verifying whether the BFP has any effect after motherhood, this study analyzes the evolution of the schooling of adolescent mothers between the first and second last parturition after entering C100. This analysis is based on the Northern Semiarid (SemiSet) and occurs in a comparative way with the regional context (Northeast - NE) is Brazilian. For this purpose, the quasi-experimental propensity score matching (PSM) method with Kernel pairing was used to develop models for comparing the effects of the investigated treatment through artificial comparison groups. With the PSM it is possible to identify differences in the treatment effect for the cohort, through exploration subgroups stratified by the information on: receipt of the BVJ; adolescent parturition; maternal age to first child in adolescence. As well as, by variables of the socioeconomic, demographic and management of the BFP in each cut. Among the main results, it was found that, for adolescent mothers, having belonged to BFP beneficiary families, resulted in a lower incidence of school delay, compared to those of non-beneficiary families with the same characteristics. This protective effect was even greater in SemiSet when compared to the Northeast region and the Brazilian context. Considering only mothers whose families were participants in the BFP and eligible for the youth variable benefit (BVJ), the protective effect more than doubles, regardless of the cut. When stratified by aspects of fertility, the protective effect is greater for those who have more than one child during adolescence. Regarding maternal age at first child, in the SemiSet, the effect among the youngest aged 10-14 years is double that of those aged 15-19 years, the same case for Brazil. In addition, it is found that the socioeconomic context affects coping with school delay.