O ensino da improvisação idiomática no baião e xote na guitarra elétrica: aportes à aprendizagem emergentes do cânon de João do Vale e das pesquisas cognitiva e sociocultural

Abstract

This paper proposes methodological strategies and pedagogical guidelines for teaching idiomatic melodic improvisation on the electric guitar in the musical genres baião and xote, based on the technical and stylistic elements of the canon established by the Maranhão singer-songwriter João do Vale (1934-1996). The proposal is structured in line with the pedagogical parameters emerging from recent studies in Music Education, which intersect the plane of knowledge of Music Psychology with the performance of cognitive and socio-cultural human dimensions in the learning of improvisation, synchronously contemplating the contributions of the author's empirical plane. The research was developed along 4 axes: (1) Argumentation on themes essential to the object of the research, such as the implications of creativity and artistic aesthetics for the executive and teaching act of improvisation, followed by the concept of idiomatism and its discursive aspects in the improvisatory plot (Kant (1995, [1790]); Engelmman (2012); Sternberg, R. e Sternberg, K. (2017); Wall (2018), Torres (2016) etc.); (2) Mapping and analysis of the musical elements and their combinations present in the stylization of baião and xote developed by João do Vale (which substantialize idiomatism in his canon) in selected works transcribed between 1950 and 1980; (3) Description of the proposal for teaching idiomatic melodic improvisation on the electric guitar in baião and xote, consisting of pedagogical guidelines, teaching skills, content and methodology based on scientific doctrine that investigates the neurocognitive and sociocultural dimensions (Beaty (2015); Berkowitz (2014); Paes (2014); Biasutti (2015); Born, Lewis and Straw (2017) etc.) in the praxis and teaching of improvisation, and in the author's empiricism. Attention was paid to the technical peculiarities of the electric guitar and instructions from references in improvisation on this and other instruments (Pass (1977), Miles Davis (2022); Denyer (1992), Gambale (1997), Fewell (2016), Leavitt (2019), Faria (1995...) etc.); (4) Evaluation of the proposal through the implementation of an action-research course taught in a public school in the state of Maranhão. The conclusion is that the targets and the students' improvisation performance reached satisfactory levels, indicating the teaching proposal's good potential for efficiency.