Efetividade das tecnologias educacionais digitais na prevenção ao HIV em adolescentes e jovens: revisão sistemática

Abstract

The technological age brought new directions to the teaching-learning process. In this sense, Digital Educational Technologies (DET) have been used in the construction of knowledge on difficult to approach themes such as HIV prevention, and changes in risk behavior with adolescents and young people. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of DET in preventing HIV in adolescents and young people. This is a systematic review developed based on the recommendations of The Joanna Briggs Institute and based on Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Identifier in PROSPERO: CRD42023418826. Through the "PICOS" strategy (population, intervention, comparison, outcome and Study type) population, intervention, comparison, outcome and Study type The question of the research was made: “What is the effectiveness of digital educational technologies when compared to other teaching methods in HIV prevention in adolescents and young people?”. The searching and collection of this review were performed in 16 data sources: Scopus, PubMed Central, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online via National Library of Medicine, Web of Science, Science Direct, Bug, Virtual Health Library, Scientific Electronic Library Online , Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, ClinicalS.gov, Cochrane Library, International Clinical Trials Register Platform, Capes Catalog and Dissertations, Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Brazilian Portal of Publications and Scientific Data in Access Open, Federated Network of Institutional Repository of Scientific Publications. Descriptors in Health Sciences/ Medical Subject Headings and Keywords were used: (Adolescent or Teenager or Young Adult or Young) and (“Educational Technology” or “Digital Technologies” or “Information Technology” or “Mobile Applications” or “Technology") And ("Health Education") and ("Primary Prevention "or" Prevention") and ("HIV "or" Human Immunodeficiency Virus "or" AIDS") and ("Trial Clinical "or" Randomized Clinical Trials "or" Randomized Controlled Trial”). Included Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), available in its entirety, without temporal limit, and in any language, which respond to the research question. Study protocols, pilot studies, revisions, summaries published in scientific events were excluded, as well as studies focused on virtual relationship themes, vertical transmission, and people with disabilities. From the 10272 studies found, only 14 were included. Critical evaluation presented low to moderate risk of bias. The outcomes presented were: “Reduction of Sexual Risk Behaviors”, “improved knowledge about HIV/AIDS”, “Sexual acts using condoms” “abstinence or delayed sexual initiation”, “reduction in the number of partners”, “HIV test and use of Pre-exposure prophylaxis”, “reduction in sexual acts under the influence of substances”. It is considered that although this study is composed of RCT that has a high level of evidence, the studies showed poor quality of evidence, being weak the recommendation or the conduct of patients, professionals and managers. However, DET showed promising and encouraging results for HIV prevention in this population compared to other teaching methods, in view of the acceptance and usability for adolescents and young people. Therefore new studies are needed with greater methodological rigor to expand knowledge and validate the findings in the prevention of HIV.