Construção e validação de instrumento para operacionalizar o processo de enfermagem para paciente com AIDS no âmbito de internação hospitalar

Abstract

The nurse is essential in promoting care for people living with AIDS. The standardization of the nursing process aimed at this clientele enables agile reasoning in decision-making for specialized and scientific care. Thus, health care servicesfor people with AIDS require the use of an instrument in the nursing process. The aim of the study was to build and validate an instrument to operationalize the nursing process for patients with AIDS in the context of hospitalization in the light of the Basic Human Needs Theory. This is a methodological study. The instrument was systematized in the following steps: theoretical, empirical and analytical procedures. The aim of theoretical procedures was the construction of the instrument, which was divided as follows: two scoping reviews, the first for the investigation and the second for diagnosis; cross-mapping to assess the extracted diagnoses with the NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses version 2018-2020; then, consultation of taxonomies of nursing outcomes and intervention in order to extract the outcomes and interventions related to the steps of planning and implementation of the instrument, respectively. Then, reference literature on the nursing process was consulted for insertion of items in the assessment step. Note that the five steps of the nursing process and principles of the Basic Human Needs Theory were followed in the construction of the instrument. In empirical procedures, the steps of content validation were carried out with nurse judges by means of the Delphi technique using Google Forms. In analytical procedures, the content validity coefficient (≥ 0.7) was calculated for content validation of the instrument. The Kappa test (>0.80) was applied to assess the judges’ degree of agreement on the analyzed items. Cronbach’s alpha (≥ 0.7) was used for assessment of internal consistency among the instrument items. Regarding the overall instrument validation, the following were obtained: Delphi 1, Content Validity Coefficient 0.92 and Kappa 0.83; and Delphi 2, Content Validity Coefficient 0.97 and Kappa 0.93. As for the overall instrument reliability, in Delphi 1 and 2, Cronbach’s Alpha values were 1.00. The instrument, based on a theory, was developed and content validated and hasreliability to be safely adopted in care practice. It represents a care technology for nurses working in the care of patients with AIDS within the scope of hospitalization.