A hesitação vacinal contra a Covid-19 no Brasil a partir do discurso de quem hesita

Abstract

The emergence of vaccine production is justified by the number of deaths caused by the respiratory syndrome, and the need to control these cases and their severe forms. Concomitantly with the advancement of immunization of the population, it was observed that the social movement of vaccine hesitation characterized by refusal or delay in accepting vaccination has taken on worldwide proportions in recent years, based on questions referring mainly to the efficacy and safety of immunizers. In view of this, it is important to discuss individuality versus collectivity, and to understand the justifications that are associated with the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy process. This study aims to analyze the vaccine hesitation process against COVID-19 in Brazil, from the perspective of those who hesitate. This is a descriptive exploratory study, with a qualitative characteristic, and a snowball-type non-probabilistic sample approach. The methodology uses chains of references to build its sample population research subjects will be individuals who may have hesitated to take any of the immunobiologicals against COVID-19 that are currently offered by the National Immunization Program, be over 18 years old, reside in the geographic territory of Rio Grande do Norte, and have accepted participate in the research by signing the Term of Free and Informed Consent – TCLE, the content analysis used the Collective Subject Discourse technique, described by LEFEVRE & LEFEVRE, based on the Theory of Social Representations. The preliminary results were organized in a systematic way, where the subjects participating in the research were socioeconomically characterized, we listed categories according to the meaning of the central ideas to understand the individual as a social being regarding the process of vaccine hesitation of COVID-19, being them: Experiences and experiences about the pandemic and the COVID-19 disease; Perceptions about the COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination; Justifications associated with vaccine hesitancy against COVID-19 and other related factors. Evidencing findings regarding these perspectives, the main notes found associated with the vaccine hesitation process are related to various reasons, namely: immunization imposition, distrust of the effects of immunobiologicals, misinformation, fear of reactions, conspiracy theories, political influence and the infodemic. Therefore, knowing that the choice to be vaccinated goes beyond an individual criterion, it becomes necessary for health policy makers to dialogue about strategies that reinforce the safety, need, efficacy and importance of the vaccine for everyone.