Análise comparativa do desempenho econômico e financeiro das empresas brasileiras do setor de utilidade pública

Abstract

The present work aims to identify which are the relevant components for analyzing the economic and financial performance of the Brazilian Public Utility Sector and their respective similarities in relation to the results observed between the Energy, Gas, Water and Sewage services, discussing aspects about the importance of comparative analysis and the Institutional Theory ideals that companies that operate in similar conditions present similar performances. Therefore, within this perspective, the research has a quantitative and descriptive character. Therefore, in the period from 2010 to 2021, 15 economic and financial indexes calculated using data collected manually and available in the Financial Statements released by these organizations were analyzed. Factor Analysis was used to identify the components of economic and financial performance and average tests for the proposed hypotheses. The result of the Exploratory Factor Analysis, with 8 indexes, was the extraction of 3 factors which explain 78.84% of the variance of the original data, with Factor 01 entitled Indebtedness, Factor 02, Liquidity and Factor 03, Profitability. The evidence found shows that, within the Brazilian Public Utility Sector, the components of economic and financial performance, Debt (Factor 01), Liquidity (Factor 02) and Profitability (Factor 03), are statistically different depending on the type of service they provide, and that companies providing energy services do not have better results if analyzed broadly. As for the comparison between publicly traded and privately held companies, the performance components were different depending on the service they provide, highlighting the publicly traded Energy companies that showed better results in all components compared to other provider companies. of Gas and Water and Sewage services. It was also possible to identify a difference in performance between companies with private or public management, emphasizing the influence that subsidies can have on the performance of public companies, especially those of Gas, Water and Sewage. The findings corroborate previous studies and support the discussion that the specific characteristics of organizations should be considered in their performance analysis. In addition, the study contributes to the promotion and debate of public policies that seek to improve the services provided by this sector, based on the factors that influence its performance, in addition to the understanding that maintaining the quality of these services is essential for the society as a whole.