Desenvolvimento de infográfico e guia operacional para apoio à educação permanente de enfermeiros no cuidado aos parceiros sorodiferentes para o HIV

Abstract

In the context of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the experience of serodifference—characterized by affective-sexual relationships in which one partner is living with the virus and the other is not—remains a topic that is still underexplored by many health professionals, particularly those working in Primary Health Care (PHC). In this scenario, educational technologies aimed at continuing health education emerge as promising strategies for professional qualification in the care of HIV serodifferent partnerships. The objective of this study is to develop an educational technology in the form of an infographic and an operational guide to support the ongoing education of nurses in the care of serodifferent partners for HIV within PHC. This is a methodological study with participatory development, which used Paulo Freire's pedagogical assumptions as its educational framework and the stages of Contextualized Instructional Design (CID) as its methodological approach. In Stage 1 (Analysis), an integrative literature review was conducted to identify the nursing care practices relevant to HIV serodifferent partners; a documentary analysis of publications from the Brazilian Ministry of Health's website was also performed; and a qualitative action research study was carried out with 13 PHC nurses to promote the participatory and collective development of the content and final format of the technologies. In Stage 2 (Design and Development), the technologies were structured into an infographic and an operational guide with the support of a team of developers. Stage 3 (Implementation) involved usability validation with the target audience and future online availability of the tools. In Stage 4 (Evaluation), content and appearance validation was conducted by 19 expert nurses in two rounds using the Delphi technique, with a Content Validity Index (CVI) greater than 0.8 as the benchmark. The study was conducted from November 2022 to February 2025 and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte under protocol number 6.023.762. The content of the tools was structured into four thematic axes that emerged from the thematic content analysis in the Analysis phase: offering preventive strategies; considering the reproductive desires of partners; paying attention to mental health; and the nursing consultation as an ally—these were reflected in both the infographic and the guide. The infographic Acol≠IV: eu cuido was developed in a static format using textual resources and illustrations related to the topic. The operational guide consisted of 20 pages, including a cover, introduction, table of contents, four thematic axes detailing the care practices, and references used in its construction. After two Delphi rounds, the total content and appearance validity index was 1.0 for the infographic and 0.99 for the operational guide. Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 were used for data tabulation, index calculation, and descriptive statistical analysis of the participant profiles. The infographic and the operational guide were considered valid in both content and appearance by the expert judges. It is believed that these tools may provide theoretical support to guide and strengthen nurses' care practices for HIV serodifference demands, as well as enrich the literature on the phenomenon.