Prevenção combinada ao HIV em adolescentes: avaliação de cartilha para educação entre pares no contexto da enfermagem

Abstract

The shift in the age profile of HIV cases and the rising incidence rates among adolescents suggest vulnerabilities in preventive measures. As a refined methodology in health education, Peer Education enables collective interventions with individual reach, fostering significant changes in this scenario. These aspects are incorporated into the Combined Prevention Mandala, representing a modern approach integrating multiple HIV prevention strategies into a unified framework. It is essential to highlight the role of nurses, responsible for implementing and operationalizing health promotion actions, establishing connections between school health and education as a strategy. This study aims to construct and validate an instrument focused on HIV prevention in adolescents through peer education in the context of nursing. It is a methodological study with a quantitative approach, organized into six stages: Concept analysis; Scoping review; Data cross-referencing; Instrument item construction; Instrument content validation, and Instrument appearance validation. The concept analysis followed Walker and Avant's (2019) eight-step framework. The scoping review was guided by The JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis for the selection of studies identifying items for the instrument. The nine axes of the Combined Prevention Mandala (CPM) underpinned the entire methodological process. For validation stages, judge selection and the Delphi Technique for content validation, Content Validation Coefficient (CVC) utilization, and Kappa Index calculation for judge agreement on the instrument and its items were performed. The study received approval from the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) with Protocol No. 6.566.151 and Certificate of Ethical Presentation (CAAE) No. 75835223.2.0000.5537. The constructed instrument had nine main titles corresponding to the CPM axes, with 40 items derived from the scoping review. Validation involved 16 expert judges and the target audience, assessing "Representation," "Importance," and "Clarity," showing excellent agreement levels. The validation steps were carried out with 16 expert judges and the target audience of the material, where the following categories were evaluated: "Representativeness," "Importance," and "Clarity," which showed an excellent level of agreement. Kappa index and Content Validity Index (CVI) for the instrument in terms of content revealed agreement ranging from good to perfect (CVI > 0.80 and Kappa > 0.80). The domains related to the appearance of the instrument, linked to SAM items, showed excellent Kappa indices ranging from 0.84 to 0.96. Thus, there was excellence in agreement among the evaluators, resulting in the validation of the content and appearance of the instrument for HIV prevention in adolescents through peer education in the nursing context. In conclusion, the constructed instrument meets the prevention needs for HIV in the mentioned age group, as well as being innovative and useful for nurses. Therefore, this thesis demonstrated that it is possible to construct an instrument for HIV prevention in adolescents through peer education, which presents evidence of validity in appearance and content for the nursing work context.