Planejamento experimental aplicado à otimização de massas cerâmicas contendo matérias-primas naturais

Abstract

The optimization of the composition is an important step in the development of ceramic products. In this work, experimental design was used in order to evaluate the relationship between properties and the composition of a system obtained from mixtures of natural raw materials extracted from “Pegmatito do Seridó”, located near the border of the RN and PB states in Brazil. The processing variables (temperature: 1100 and 1200o C and calcinations time: 0 and 2 h) and simplex centroid design were combined for the study of the ternary system. The smallest percentage of each component in the mixture was of 10% v/v. The rheological properties of aqueous suspensions obtained with 50% w/w were optimized with PAA-Na. The apparent porosity and apparent specific gravity were determined, besides retraction, after thermal treatment. The mineralogical composition of the ceramic pieces obtained at 1200 oC was basically mullite and quartz. The study allowed specifying the composition region which leads to the highest density after sintering, with a low number of samples