Estudo das propriedades físicas e mecânicas das espécies Mimosa Tenuiflora e Aspidosperma Piryfolium nativas do bioma Caatinga para uso na construção civil

Abstract

The construction sector has continually sought materials that have a lower impact on the built environment, which is why the use of wood has become attractive as it is a natural and renewable material. Knowledge of physical and mechanical properties is essential to classify new species and indicate their constructive component use. In the Northeast region of Brazil, the Caatinga biome stands out for its biodiversity as the only entirely national biome. However, the physical and mechanical properties of local species are poorly known and investigated and therefore their application is limited, being commonly used for energy purposes. With this, the study seeks to characterize the species Mimosa Tenuiflora and Aspidosperma Piryfolium native to the Caatinga biome and indicate potential uses in civil construction. Physical tests were carried out to determine humidity (U), density (ρ𝑏𝑎𝑠), apparent density (ρ𝑎𝑝), dimensional stability (𝜀𝑟 , 𝜀𝑖 , ΔV) and thermal conductivity; mechanical tests of compression parallel to the fibers (fc0), parallel and perpendicular shear (fv0, fv90), traction parallel and perpendicular to the fibers (ft0, ft90), parallel and perpendicular Janka hardness (fH0, fH90), static bending (fM0) and elastic modulus tests using non-destructive methods using ultrasound, stress waves and longitudinal and flexural excitation. The Shapiro-Wilk test and Pearson's correlation between physical and mechanical properties were used. The indication of applications of the species was carried out through the classification proposed by IPT (2013) and IPT/SUDAM (1981), using the criteria of Nahuz (1974) and Nogueira (1991). The results present the Mimosa Tenuiflora species with 13 correlations and the Aspidosperma Piryfolium with 19 correlations between physical and mechanical properties. Both species have properties equivalent to species sold for construction use.