Síndrome metabólica, cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e ingestão de nutrientes em adolescentes com excesso de peso

Abstract

The worldwide epidemic of obesity in the pediatric age group is responsible for the occurrence of metabolic disorders that can culminate in Metabolic Syndrome (MS). The study aimed to evaluate the frequency of MS and Hypertriglycerodemic Waist (HTW) and its association with the prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy in adolescents with and without MS. Crosssectional study, by non-probabilistic sampling, with overweight adolescents, attended at Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes / UFRN, Natal / RN. Anthropometric, biochemical, food and dietary consumption data were collected. We conducted two 24-hour reminders to estimate the usual consumption of energy and nutrients. The prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy was estimated using the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) as the cutoff point, with adjustments for intra and interpersonal and energy variances. Poisson regression was used to verify the prevalence ratio between HTW and SM. The final sample consisted of 168 adolescents, with an average age of 11.6 ± 1.6 years, and 53% male. We registered 57.1% with obesity, 22.2% with MS and 42.3% with HWT. HWT was associated with MS regardless of fasting glycemia, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, and the prevalence ratio between HWT and SM was 5.02 (95% CI, 1.94 to 12.99; p <0.001). The average consumption of energy and macronutrients in adolescents with MS was 1671.58 Kcal / day, 52.45% carbohydrate, 16.70% protein, 30.85% total fat and 16.77 g / day fiber. The prevalence of inadequacy of micronutrients in both sexes was 100% for the following nutrients, regardless of the presence of MS: vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, vitamin B12. We found high prevalence of inadequacy for adolescents with and without MS respectively, vitamin A (80.51 - 98.54%), vitamin B1 (81.59 - 99.62%), vitamin B2 (92.79 - 100%), vitamin B6 (96.86– 99.78%), phosphorus (91.31 - 97.13%), magnesium (95.15 - 100%), copper (77.34 - 92.22%). We concluded that there was a high prevalence of MS, correlated with anthropometric status, CP, fasting blood glucose, HOMAIR, HDL-c and triglycerides, as well as with HWT. Adequacy was observed regarding energy and macronutrient consumption and high prevalence of inadequate vitamin and mineral consumption regardless of the presence of MS.