Cobertura vacinal de acordo com o quesito raça ou cor da pele em crianças nascidas em 2017-2018 em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

Introduction: Immunization represents a major advance in health technology as it is a low-cost intervention, contributing to the reduction of child morbidity and mortality. In recent years, vaccination coverage among children under 1 year of age has been lower than the targets recommended by the National Immunization Program. Race or skin color is a marker of social inequalities and an important predictor of the health of a population. Objective: To analyze vaccination coverage up to 24 months of age according to race or skin color in children born in 2017 and 2018 in the city of Natal/RN. Methods: Quantitative, retrospective cohort research, whose data came from the National Vaccination Coverage Survey (INCV 2020) carried out in the city of Natal/RN, based on a multicentric research, covering the 26 Brazilian capitals plus the Federal District, carried out by the Augusto Leolpoldo Ayrosa Galvão Study Center (CEALAG). The study population was made up of live births in 2017 and 2018, registered in the Live Birth Information System (SINASC), residing in the Natal/RN area. The sample size was defined based on the calculations adopted in INCV - 2020. For the current study, the parameters of 95% confidence were used, an expected vaccination coverage of 70% and a design effect of 1.4. Of the 904 interviews planned by sampling, 688 were carried out, which represented a sample loss of 23.9%. The collection took place digitally based on the identification of the family and the child. The data were analyzed using Poisson regression. Results: Children of black race or skin color (black and brown) are mostly from families with a low level of consumption (C-D) (80.44%) and children of mothers with a lower level of education (24.58%). (19.97%) used private vaccination services and (15.69%) reported difficulty in taking the child to the vaccination center. Among black children, (95.09%) of those responsible reported confidence in the vaccines distributed by the government, (97.01%) reported a belief that vaccines are important for the child's health, and (94.50%) a belief that Vaccines are important for the health of the neighborhood. There was lower vaccination coverage among black children for timely doses in complete coverage without yellow fever (PR=0.21; 95%CI 0.04-0.90). Conclusion: The results showed lower vaccination coverage among black children when compared to white children.