Associação entre os aspectos sociodemográficos, de saúde, clínicos e assistenciais com o desfecho de úlceras venosas em pacientes atendidos em serviço especializado

Abstract

Venous ulcers are lesions that mainly affect the lower limbs and are considered a worldwide public health problem due to their increasing prevalence, recurrence and chronicity. The objective of this study was to verify the association between sociodemographic, health, clinical, and care factors with the results of VU treatment in patients treated at a specialized service. This is a longitudinal and comparative study, with a quantitative and descriptive approach to the data, carried out with 103 patients with active venous ulcers treated at a specialized wound center in the municipality of Parnamirim/Rio Grande do Norte, from august 2020 to November 2021. Data were collected in two moments through a structured form of sociodemographic, habits, and health, clinical, and care characterization. This research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, under opinion No. 2,156,068. The findings of this study ensure that there is an association between sociodemographic, health, clinical and care aspects with the outcome of venous ulcer healing in patients treated at a specialized service, and that these aspects correlate with protective factors capable of favoring positive results over one year of treatment. In which the main results linked to the cure were associated with age over 60 years, reduction of alcoholism/smoking and improvement of mobility. In addition to the totality of the study public, which began to have follow-up in a specialized service and the application of gold standard therapy. Nevertheless, it is suggested that the literature of randomized trials and clinical trials comparing the efficacy of different therapies for venous ulcers should be deepened, in order to facilitate healing and to improve the instruments that can be used.