Análise da codificação wavelet em sistemas de rádio com acesso dinâmico ao espectro

Abstract

In mobile communications systems, signals propagate over multipaths over time-varying channels, subject to distortion caused by fading and Doppler shifts. In order to minimize such distortions, coding techniques and transmission diversity may be employed, such as Wavelet Coding. This technique is based on the orthogonality of the wavelet matrix rows and has the capacity to generate diversity gains, increasing the robustness of the system to time-varying fading, without compromising the spectral e ciency of the system. In this work, the wavelet coding is investigated in scenarios of cognitive radio with dynamic spectrum access. These radio systems have been consolidating as a new paradigm of wireless communications with the advance of digital signal processing techniques. Cognitive radio systems with dynamic spectrum access should be able to perceive unoccupied frequency bands for opportunistic transmissions as well as detect the presence of primary users when they occupy their licensed spectrum. Therefore, a crucial element for the operation of cognitive radio systems encoded by wavelet coding is the ability to sense the signals encoded by this technique. As will be detailed, the possibility of sensing such signals is conditioned to a suitable design of the signal constellation used in the modulation of the coded symbols. In this work, the design of these constellations is done via genetic algorithms, using a multiobjective optimization approach. The developed system is evaluated by its robustness to time-varying at fading through a bit error probability (BER) versus Eb/N0 analysis, and the possibility of spectral sensing of its signals via cyclostationary analysis and energy detection method. The results indicate the feasibility of the wavelet coding technique in radio scenarios with dynamic spectrum access, with good results of BER performance and sensed signal detection rates.