Teoria de Médio Alcance para o cuidado de Enfermagem ao adolescente com obesidade na Atenção Primária à Saúde

Abstract

Nursing care for adolescents with obesity in the school context or in Primary Care services, occurs through multiprofessional interventions, with a view to promoting healthy habits aimed at weight control. However, there is a lack of a specific theoretical framework for nursing care for this population. A medium-range theory for nursing care for this audience allows us to fill this gap, providing nurses with an understanding of their role in caring for adolescents. In this sense, the present study aimed to develop a medium-range theory for nursing care in Primary Health Care for adolescents with obesity. This is a methodological study. Nola Pender's Conceptual Health Promotion Model was the basis for the development of the theory developed and the operational phases of the study were organized according to Walker and Avant. The study was carried out in four stages. Step 1- Integrative literature review. Step 2- Analysis of the concept of nursing care for adolescents with obesity in Primary Health Care. Step 3- Synthesis of the set of theoretical elements of the Pender Model and the concepts originated in the previous step. Where these were used to support the composition of the statements. Stage 4- Elaboration and structuring of the medium-range theory, using the theoretical derivation from Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model, for the context of nursing care in Primary Health Care for adolescents with obesity. The theory elaborated was represented in a graphic and explanatory way for its dissemination. The theoretical assumptions and propositions of the developed theory were explained. The object of the research did not involve human beings, since the study was based on a methodological basis. Thus, all ethical principles regarding the use of scientific literature have been obeyed. Results: For the development of the theory, 61 articles were selected from the literature that characterized nursing care for adolescents with obesity in Primary Health Care and ten factors related to this care were highlighted. From the concept analysis, five attributes were identified, among them, the nurse and adolescent interaction, which becomes the central category of theory and care. The antecedents and consequences were related to the concepts of the Health Promotion Model by Nola Pender. Where, in the graphic representation of the theory, the eighteen concepts and their relations with the essential elements for the care of the adolescent were disposed, which were: the home, the school and the basic health unit, all of these inserted in Primary Health Care. The theoretical propositions and constructed assumptions indicate how the theory will be applied in practice and understood by nurses when providing care to adolescents with obesity, based on the relationship between the concepts of the theory. Thus, it is concluded that the medium-range theory for nursing care for adolescents with obesity in the context of Primary Health Care was developed, contributing to the advancement of theoretical knowledge in the area.