Análise fitoquímica e avaliação da atividade antiescorpiônica e antiofídica do suco dos frutos de Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynacea)

Abstract

Accidents with venomous animals, mainly snakes and scorpions, are considered a serious public health problem. In Brazil, ophidian accidents are mainly provoked by snakes of the genus Bothrops, and those with scorpions, by the species Tityus serrulatus. The conventional treatment is the use of antivenom serotherapy, which in addition to presenting some limitations, such as difficult access in some regions and high cost, is only able to neutralize the poison toxins, being inefficient in inhibiting the endogenous reactions triggered by their presence. In this context, the aim of this paper was to perform a phytochemical analysis of the fruit juice of Hancornia speciosa and its ability to inhibit the effects of the venom of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus and the snake Bothrops jararaca. The phytochemical analysis was performed using high performance liquid chromatography MS/MS. The antiscorpionic activity of the juice was evaluated using the animal model of acute pulmonary edema induced by the scorpion venom T serrulatus. For this, Swiss mice received venom subcutaneously and were treated orally with juice at doses of 100 and 200 mg / kg, using pre- and post-treatment protocols. Two hours after venom administration, the animals were euthanized to collect lungs, kidneys and blood. The following analyzes were performed with the lungs: cytokine quantification, evans blue concentration, myeloperoxidase enzyme (MPO) dosage and relative lung weight percentage; with the kidneys, nitrite dosage and lipid peroxidation; and with blood, hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Regarding botropic venom, the ability of the juice to inhibit its local effects was evaluated in the models of paw edema, hemorrhage, myotoxicity and dermonecrosis. For this, Swiss mice of both sexes were used. In all models the juice was administered orally at doses of 100 and 200 mg / kg and was administered shortly after the botropic venom (post-treatment protocol). Through HPLC-DAD-MS / MS analyzes 13 compounds were identified, the major ones identified as L-bornesitol, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid and rutin. Observations regarding the inhibition of antiscorpionic effects demonstrated that Hancornia speciosa juice was able to significantly decrease some important parameters such as cytokine production, myeloperoxidase activity, evans blue concentration in lung tissue, lipid peroxidation and nitrite. Regarding the botropic effects, the juice was able to significantly reduce the dermonecrotic lesion, the edematogenic activity, the hemorrhagic activity and the concentrations of the creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes. From the results, it can be concluded that Hancornia speciosa Gomes juice has great potential to be used as adjuvant in the treatment of scorpion and botropic poisonings.